Neanderthal Man

Neanderthal man is the correct answer to the question of which prehistoric man lived on Earth during the late Pleistocene period. Neanderthals were a species of archaic humans that inhabited Eurasia from about 400,000 to 40,000 years ago. They are named after the Neander Valley in Germany, where the first remains were discovered in the mid-19th century.

Characteristics of Neanderthals:

1. Physical Appearance:
- Neanderthals had a robust build, with a stocky and muscular physique.
- They had a larger brain capacity than modern humans, with an average cranial capacity of about 1,600 cubic centimeters.
- Their distinctive features included a prominent brow ridge, a receding forehead, and a large nose.

2. Tools and Technology:
- Neanderthals were skilled toolmakers and used a variety of stone tools, such as hand axes, scrapers, and spear points.
- They also utilized bone and antler to create tools and weapons.
- Evidence suggests that they had developed techniques for hunting large game and used fire for cooking and warmth.

3. Social Structure and Behavior:
- Neanderthals likely lived in small groups or extended families, with evidence of care for the elderly and injured individuals.
- They had a complex social structure and may have had some form of language and communication.
- Neanderthals practiced burial rituals, as evidenced by the discovery of deliberate burials with grave goods.

4. Extinction:
- Neanderthals became extinct around 40,000 years ago, possibly due to a combination of factors, including competition with modern humans and climatic changes.
- Genetic studies have revealed that some interbreeding occurred between Neanderthals and Homo sapiens, as traces of Neanderthal DNA can be found in the genomes of non-African populations today.

In conclusion, the correct answer to the question is option 'A' - Neanderthal man. They were a distinct species of archaic humans who lived during the late Pleistocene period and left behind a rich archaeological record that provides insights into their physical characteristics, tools and technology, social structure, and eventual extinction.