1.The silk route connected China to Europe. Chinese silk and Chinese pottery travelled through theses routes.

Historians have identified many silk routes in Asia, linking Asia to North Africa. This created a pre- trade system. Indian textiles and spices and Chinese pottery from Southeast Asia travelled to Europe and North Africa.

Early Christian Missionaries and later Muslim Preachers travelled through these routes. Buddhist Missionaries used to travel India to China through these routes and Chinese Buddhist used to travel India through these routes.



(2).Flow of Trade: trade in tangible goods like wheat, cotton, etc. earlier fine cotton cloth was produced in India by weavers and exported to European countries

Flow of Labour: migration of people in search of employment. at the time of 19th century, a large number of Indian labourers migrated to Africa and other countries

Flow of Capital: movement of capital over long distances for short-term and long-term investments.
hope this will help you

Chapter 3: The Making of a Global World

1. How did the silk route link the world?
The Silk Route was an ancient network of trade routes that connected the East and West, linking countries and regions across Asia, Europe, and Africa. This trade route facilitated the exchange of goods, ideas, and culture between different civilizations. It played a crucial role in connecting the world and promoting economic, cultural, and technological exchanges. The Silk Route was named after the lucrative Chinese silk trade, which was one of the most important commodities exchanged along the route. However, it was not just silk that was traded, but also other goods such as spices, precious metals, gems, textiles, and agricultural products. The Silk Route not only facilitated trade but also acted as a medium for the transmission of knowledge, ideas, and religious beliefs. It led to the spread of Buddhism, Islam, and Christianity, as well as the exchange of scientific and technological advancements. The Silk Route also had a significant impact on the development of various civilizations and empires, as it influenced their economies, politics, and cultural practices.

Chapter 4: Globalization and the Indian Economy

2. During the nineteenth century, which were the three types of movements that took place within international economic exchanges? Explain in detail.
During the nineteenth century, there were three types of movements that took place within international economic exchanges:

1. Movement of goods: This refers to the exchange of goods between different countries. With the industrial revolution and advancements in transportation, goods could be produced on a large scale and transported more efficiently. The movement of goods involved the export of raw materials from colonies to the industrialized countries and the import of manufactured goods from industrialized countries to colonies. This unequal trade relationship often led to the exploitation of colonies and the depletion of their resources.

2. Movement of capital: Capital refers to money or wealth that is invested in businesses and ventures. During the nineteenth century, there was a significant movement of capital from European countries to colonies and other parts of the world. European countries invested capital in industries, plantations, and infrastructure in colonies to extract resources and generate profits. This movement of capital contributed to the economic development of some regions but also resulted in the exploitation and dependency of colonies on the colonial powers.

3. Movement of labor: The nineteenth century witnessed the movement of labor from one region to another due to various factors such as colonization, industrialization, and globalization. The colonization of countries by European powers led to the forced migration of millions of people as slaves or indentured laborers. The industrial revolution created a demand for labor in industrialized countries, leading to the migration of people from rural areas to urban centers. Globalization also increased labor migration as people sought better economic opportunities in different parts of the world. The movement of labor had significant social, economic, and cultural impacts on both the sending and receiving regions.

These three types of movements within international economic exchanges during the nineteenth century shaped the global economic order and had far-reaching consequences for countries and societies involved.