Old Social Movements:
1. Emergence: Old social movements emerged during the 19th and early 20th centuries when societies were primarily industrial and agrarian.
2. Focus: These movements primarily focused on economic and political issues, such as workers' rights, suffrage, and national liberation.
3. Goals: The main goal of old social movements was to challenge and change existing power structures and bring about social and political reforms.
4. Organizational Structure: These movements had a hierarchical and centralized organizational structure with clear leadership and formalized decision-making processes.
5. Tactics: Old social movements relied on traditional forms of collective action, such as strikes, protests, and demonstrations, to exert pressure on the authorities.
6. Limited Participation: The participation in these movements was often limited to specific groups, such as workers, women, and ethnic minorities, who faced particular forms of oppression.

New Social Movements:
1. Emergence: New social movements emerged in the late 20th century in post-industrial societies characterized by advanced technology, urbanization, and globalization.
2. Focus: These movements address a wide range of issues including environmental concerns, human rights, gender equality, LGBTQ+ rights, and cultural identity.
3. Goals: New social movements aim to challenge dominant ideologies, cultural norms, and social practices to bring about social change and individual empowerment.
4. Organizational Structure: These movements often have a decentralized and networked organizational structure, with multiple autonomous groups and individuals working together towards common goals.
5. Tactics: New social movements employ a wide range of non-traditional tactics, such as online activism, social media campaigns, boycotts, and advocacy.
6. Broad Participation: Unlike old social movements, new social movements have a broader base of participation, including diverse individuals and groups who share common concerns or identities.

Key Differences:
1. Historical Context: Old social movements emerged during the industrial era, while new social movements emerged in the post-industrial era.
2. Focus and Goals: Old social movements primarily focused on economic and political issues, while new social movements address a broader range of socio-cultural concerns.
3. Organizational Structure: Old social movements had a hierarchical structure, while new social movements have a more decentralized and networked structure.
4. Tactics: Old social movements relied on traditional forms of collective action, while new social movements employ a variety of non-traditional tactics.
5. Participation: Old social movements had limited participation, while new social movements have a broader base of participation.
6. Issues and Identities: Old social movements primarily addressed class-based issues, while new social movements focus on issues related to identity, rights, and cultural practices.