Historical Development of the Constitution of India (1773-1784)- 1 Video Lecture | Indian Polity for UPSC CSE

0:0:1: hello my name is harshmeet singh
0:0:3: and i have been teaching indian polity
0:0:5: to civil services aspirants across the
0:0:7: country over the past five years
0:0:9: in this lecture i will be taking you
0:0:12: through with
0:0:13: three very very important acts under the
0:0:16: historical development of the indian
0:0:17: constitution
0:0:19: we will discuss the regulating act of
0:0:20: 1773
0:0:22: the situation prevailing at that time we
0:0:24: will also talk about the amending act of
0:0:26: 1781
0:0:27: and the pitch india act of 1784 now i
0:0:30: know for a fact this is not
0:0:32: the most interesting topic to most of
0:0:34: the students
0:0:35: because you have never thought about it
0:0:37: like an interesting topic
0:0:41: i will try to explain to you was time
0:0:43: situation
0:0:45: what was happening at that time in india
0:0:47: and in britain
0:0:48: so that it becomes much more clear to
0:0:50: you and you are able to remember
0:0:52: all these things very very comfortingly
0:0:55: now before coming on to the 1773
0:0:59: act let us just first discuss british iq
0:1:4: most of you would know british were not
0:1:6: the first to come to india
0:1:8: there were many europeans that had come
0:1:10: to india portuguese had come to india
0:1:13: french had come to india in fact people
0:1:15: from denmark had also come to india
0:1:17: now why were they coming to india
0:1:23: was india enigma that everyone wanted to
0:1:27: explore
0:1:28: the simple question is india had a lot
0:1:31: of things that european countries did
0:1:32: not
0:1:33: and european countries saw this as a
0:1:36: market opportunity
0:1:37: for example india was famous for its
0:1:39: spices india what's famous for its
0:1:41: agriculture
0:1:42: for its handicraft
0:1:48: and the european people thought it is a
0:1:51: great opportunity for trade
0:1:52: so for india they will take the stuff
0:1:55: from india they will go back to europe
0:1:56: they will sell it in europe and they
0:1:58: will earn a lot of money
0:2:2: a large number of companies remember
0:2:5: private companies were coming to india
0:2:7: to trade
0:2:9: british also came in the form of traders
0:2:12: so basically east india company was just
0:2:14: a private trading company that came to
0:2:16: india for trading
0:2:18: just imagine i tell you infosys goes to
0:2:21: the uk
0:2:22: to trade to sell and to buy software
0:2:25: and all of a sudden after a few years
0:2:26: they start ruling over
0:2:30: all right that is what happened with the
0:2:32: east india company also
0:2:34: east india company first came to india
0:2:37: after getting a charter charter means a
0:2:39: permission
0:2:40: from their muna so a charter was given
0:2:43: to east india company
0:2:44: in the year 1600 what was the charter it
0:2:47: was a permission that you can go
0:2:49: and trade to that part of the world and
0:2:52: more importantly they were given
0:2:54: monopoly monopoly means
0:2:56: no other company from england would be
0:2:58: allowed to go and trade in that part
0:3:0: only you can go and trade in that part
0:3:3: when you have monopoly the advantage is
0:3:5: that you can sell your stuff
0:3:7: at whatever price that you want there
0:3:9: are higher profits that you can have
0:3:11: there is much lesser competition so you
0:3:14: can run the trade in whatever
0:3:15: manner you want upgrade
0:3:26: this was kind of a monopoly given to the
0:3:28: east india company a monopoly
0:3:31: why did the east india company get a
0:3:33: monopoly because
0:3:34: see east india company was a private
0:3:36: trading company so many members of the
0:3:38: british parliament even the monarch
0:3:40: all of them had a lot of stake in the
0:3:44: company
0:3:51: if the company did well it earned them
0:3:54: profit
0:3:54: personally as well so 1600 says 1773
0:4:0: everything was going fine in fact it was
0:4:3: said that company
0:4:4: was one of the most profitable companies
0:4:7: in the entire world
0:4:12: england government even had plans that
0:4:14: we will take money from the company and
0:4:17: we will repay
0:4:18: our dues to put it up
0:4:21: because they used to fight a lot of wars
0:4:23: so to put it
0:4:26: in a company this was their idea because
0:4:29: everyone thought that company is making
0:4:30: so much money
0:4:31: why did they think so as secular because
0:4:34: anyone who used to come back to
0:4:36: england from india they used to bring
0:4:39: with them a lot of money
0:4:40: a lot of resources gold silver so
0:4:43: everyone thought that
0:4:44: company is making a lot of money but the
0:4:47: reality was something very very
0:4:48: different
0:4:49: the reality was the people working for
0:4:52: the company were making a lot of money
0:4:54: but the company officially was not
0:4:56: making money the company officially
0:4:58: was into losses i'll give you a very
0:5:0: small example
0:5:2: let's say i work in pepsi and pepsi
0:5:4: sells
0:5:5: it's two liter bottle for eighty rupees
0:5:7: pepsi a cereal picky dough literally
0:5:8: bottle
0:5:19: with me every single day and i sell them
0:5:21: in the market
0:5:22: so i go to the market and tell them that
0:5:25: why are you buying the bottle at 80
0:5:26: rupees
0:5:27: 60 rupees
0:5:30: i am also profiting because i have
0:5:33: brought the bottles for free so i am
0:5:34: getting 60 rupees
0:5:36: so what will happen i will become rich
0:5:38: the person who is buying will also buy
0:5:40: from me only but the company will not
0:5:42: get any money
0:5:43: that is what was happening in the east
0:5:44: india company also
0:5:46: so a lot of private trading was
0:5:48: happening the people involved in the
0:5:49: company were making money but on the
0:5:51: official record company was not making
0:5:53: any money
0:5:55: in 1772 something very very dramatic
0:5:58: happened
0:6:0: in 1772 east india company
0:6:3: applied for a loan of one million pounds
0:6:6: from the bank of
0:6:7: england a one million pound loans
0:6:11: it was very surprising for everyone
0:6:13: imagine
0:6:15: applying for a loan of 10 lakh from
0:6:16: punjab national bank would you would be
0:6:18: surprised right
0:6:19: because in your mind okay money is the
0:6:21: richest man in india why would he need
0:6:22: the money but he is applying for a loan
0:6:24: so when company applied for a loan of
0:6:26: one million pound that is when people
0:6:28: started to understand
0:6:29: company is not running well there was a
0:6:32: lot of problem in the company
0:6:34: a lot of corruption was happening and
0:6:36: that is when the british parliament
0:6:38: thought now we will take control of the
0:6:39: company
0:6:42: you have a british parliamentary company
0:6:44: papers open they saw the accounts of the
0:6:45: company
0:6:46: so
0:6:58: of parliament taking over control
0:7:14: that is what was being done so it was
0:7:17: the regulating act to regulate the
0:7:19: affairs of the company
0:7:21: one more thing that you have to remember
0:7:22: when regulating at first pass debating
0:7:24: at the past water the prime minister of
0:7:26: england was
0:7:26: lord no do remember this
0:7:31: now when i say permission was given to
0:7:34: the company
0:7:36: you can go and read what did the
0:7:37: permission say
0:7:39: permission it was not india
0:7:43: because the same company was trading in
0:7:44: china also sri lanka also it was not
0:7:47: about trading in india
0:7:49: this is a place in south africa
0:7:52: called the cape of good hope the
0:7:55: permission that was given to the company
0:7:57: was
0:7:58: that you can go and trade to the east of
0:8:1: cape of
0:8:2: good so east
0:8:7: and you have monopoly no one else will
0:8:9: stop you means
0:8:10: almost entire asia almost half of africa
0:8:14: that was a permission given to the
0:8:16: eastern company so it is again important
0:8:18: to remember
0:8:19: the charter said cape of good hope now
0:8:21: this charter the permission that was
0:8:23: given was not
0:8:24: permanent
0:8:38: that is why you see that after 20 years
0:8:41: acts were introduced 1793
0:8:43: there was an act 1773 there was an act
0:8:46: 1813 where there was an act 1833 1853
0:8:50: why after every 20 years
0:8:54: it was being increased it was being
0:8:56: extended
0:8:58: now how was a company being covered
0:9:2: before the parliament started to take
0:9:4: control how was the company being
0:9:5: covered
0:9:6: so as i said it was a private trading
0:9:8: company so it had shareholders
0:9:10: all the shareholders of the company were
0:9:13: together called the court of proprietors
0:9:16: support of proprietors were the
0:9:17: shareholders of the company
0:9:19: everyone who had a share they were
0:9:21: called the court of proprietors together
0:9:24: together these court of proprietors
0:9:27: they elected amongst themselves 24
0:9:30: people these 24 people were called court
0:9:33: of directors
0:9:34: they were the ones who used to take
0:9:35: decisions for the company
0:9:37: so court of directors a 24-member body
0:9:41: this was the body that used to take all
0:9:43: the decisions
0:9:44: how was this body selected by the court
0:9:47: of proprietors
0:9:50: so the court of proprietors was the
0:9:52: shareholders of the company
0:9:54: they had given or they elected 24 people
0:9:56: among themselves to work as a court of
0:9:58: directors
0:10:0: these court of directors were elected on
0:10:2: an annual basis
0:10:3: and they were the ones who who took all
0:10:5: the decisions for the company
0:10:7: now in india company had three
0:10:9: headquarters or three presidencies as
0:10:11: you can call them there was bombay
0:10:13: madras and kolkata or calgary
0:10:16: now remember all these three were
0:10:20: independent of each other
0:10:22: means it was not like bombay and madras
0:10:24: has to report to calcutta or calcutta
0:10:26: has to report to someone else they were
0:10:28: independent of each other
0:10:30: all these three were under a president
0:10:32: who was also called the governor
0:10:34: and he was assisted by his council
0:10:36: called the governor
0:10:38: in council all of them were decided by
0:10:40: the court of directors
0:10:41: quarter directors sent these people so
0:10:44: they were absolutely
0:10:45: independent of each other they only used
0:10:47: to answer to court or dieters and not to
0:10:49: each other
0:10:51: now comes a regulating factor regulating
0:10:54: act came at a very very interesting time
0:10:57: first as i said in india the east india
0:10:59: company was going through a lot of
0:11:1: laws because of a lot of corruption the
0:11:3: second thing
0:11:4: at the very same time if you have world
0:11:7: red world history
0:11:9: in america also there was a revolution
0:11:11: starting against the british
0:11:13: so america was also a british colony
0:11:15: america be british
0:11:17: and americans had started to say no we
0:11:20: want freedom we will not give you taxes
0:11:22: etc
0:11:22: so americans are americans they take a
0:11:26: import bank
0:11:54: and because of what was happening in the
0:11:56: u.s also
0:11:57: so um the first thing that happened was
0:12:2: governor of bengal japan would now be
0:12:5: called the governor general
0:12:8: bengali that was called fort william
0:12:12: so you can also say governor of fort
0:12:14: william will now be called governor
0:12:16: general of fort william
0:12:17: the first person was warren hastings so
0:12:20: he became the governor general of bingo
0:12:22: so bhakti jagappa
0:12:38: decision making would be by majority you
0:12:40: will all vote and then you will decide
0:12:42: how the decision is to be made
0:12:44: interestingly these four members who
0:12:46: were
0:12:47: sent to war and these things were those
0:12:49: people jin ki warren
0:12:50: said
0:13:17: then for the first time
0:13:32: a supreme court was also established in
0:13:34: calgary now the supreme court is not
0:13:36: today
0:13:40: also this supreme court had very minimal
0:13:42: power it said that supreme court will
0:13:44: only look into cases for the company
0:13:46: people are working
0:14:1: so supreme court was set up as the apex
0:14:3: code but not for the entire country but
0:14:5: for a region
0:14:6: then it also prohibited company from
0:14:8: engaging in any private trade or bribing
0:14:11: accept
0:14:15: and then the court of directors omnipot
0:14:18: 24 person body
0:14:19: they now had to report their revenue to
0:14:23: the government so they have to report
0:14:25: their revenue
0:14:28: this
0:14:45: in this lecture also what we try to tell
0:14:47: you is the most
0:14:48: important parts of it the most important
0:14:51: part from the examination
0:14:56: and you think there's a new point which
0:14:57: was not told talk to me in the class
0:15:0: that's not wrong that's just because
0:15:2: that there are so many hundreds of
0:15:4: points and you can't include each and
0:15:6: everything
0:15:8: then the second act came up in 1781
0:15:11: called the amending act
0:15:13: amending act was for a very very simple
0:15:16: purpose
0:15:16: it wanted to amend the 1773
0:15:20: act 1773 problems
0:15:30: as i said the biggest problem was about
0:15:32: the supreme court because when the
0:15:34: supreme court was opened
0:15:36: now it led to this problem who is more
0:15:38: powerful the supreme court is more
0:15:40: powerful or the governor general is more
0:15:42: powerful
0:15:43: will the governor general take decisions
0:15:45: could be problem working india may about
0:15:47: the british servants or the supreme
0:15:48: court
0:15:49: will take the decision this had to be
0:15:52: resolved is
0:16:20: supreme
0:16:48: people they would be determined by
0:16:50: law and hindu cases will be
0:16:53: by
0:16:53: hindu law so basically kind of
0:16:57: dividing on the basis of religion
0:17:0: uniform civil code
0:17:1: yoga the laws will be asked for the
0:17:3: religion
0:17:4: that is the first incident of separation
0:17:8: of executive from the judiciary
0:17:9: or clearly defined governor powers
0:17:14: so that they are not in so that they are
0:17:17: not jumbled up with each other don't
0:17:19: make
0:17:19: confusion now for the amending app you
0:17:22: only need to remember that it was to
0:17:23: resolve the conflict between judiciary
0:17:25: and the governor
0:17:26: audio 1773
0:17:30: the defective
0:17:33: the next act came up in 1784 called the
0:17:36: pits india
0:17:37: now pitts india has very few points but
0:17:40: very very important
0:17:41: first it separated the commercial and
0:17:44: political
0:17:56: 24 people who govern the company
0:18:1: above them a new body was formed what
0:18:3: was the new body above them
0:18:5: board of control was set up now what was
0:18:8: board of
0:18:9: control board of control was a body
0:18:12: joint
0:18:27: was the function of board of control
0:18:29: code of director on the other hand
0:18:31: will look into the revenue side of it
0:18:36: commercial functions that was done
0:18:40: is the governor journal in council
0:18:44: they were reduced from four to three we
0:18:46: just read in the 1773 ad
0:18:48: governor general executive council of
0:18:50: four members were added now they were
0:18:52: reduced to three members so this is
0:18:54: again very very important
0:18:55: because by which act how many members
0:18:59: were increased or how many members were
0:19:0: decrees
0:19:1: in the governor general's executive
0:19:3: council
0:19:5: then indian affairs were placed directly
0:19:7: under british government
0:19:8: security
0:19:13: will happen the political function means
0:19:15: india's politics was now
0:19:17: firmly into the hand of the british
0:19:18: government
0:19:20: again a very important point british
0:19:22: territories india
0:19:42: also one more point all the officers
0:19:45: joining the east india company
0:19:46: coming to india had to disclose their
0:19:48: property corruption
0:19:52: because of all that corruption it was
0:19:54: thought that everyone has to disclose
0:19:56: their property
0:19:56: if you have read indian polity
0:20:1: has similar powers when the local was
0:20:3: made it was given the power that within
0:20:5: 30
0:20:6: days it can ask for any ies or central
0:20:9: service officer to give details of
0:20:11: property and whatever he or she holds
0:20:13: now this 30 day limit has been taken
0:20:15: away but lok pal and india still have
0:20:17: the power to ask for civil services
0:20:20: civil servants property
0:20:21: assets etc the same kind of thing was
0:20:24: being done in pitch india to avoid
0:20:25: corruption
0:20:26: local also does the same thing to avoid
0:20:28: corruption
0:20:29: now just to give you a practice question
0:20:32: to tell you what kind of questions are
0:20:34: asked
0:20:34: so this was a question in ours in upsc
0:20:37: earlier
0:20:38: it is about what were the features of
0:20:40: the regulating act of 1773
0:20:42: first supreme court was set up at
0:20:44: calcutta this is absolutely correct
0:20:47: executive council was created for
0:20:49: governors of bengal this is also great
0:20:51: if you remember
0:20:51: four member council was created reduced
0:20:54: to three members
0:20:55: in the pits india act then the governors
0:20:58: of madras and bombay were made
0:20:59: subordinate to colonize bengal again an
0:21:1: absolutely correct statement
0:21:3: fourth established board of control to
0:21:5: manage political affairs we just read
0:21:7: this is not correct this happened in the
0:21:9: pits
0:21:10: india act so very straightforward
0:21:13: easy to answer question the answer will
0:21:15: be c
0:21:17: these are the kind of questions that can
0:21:18: be asked and you can cover them very
0:21:20: well
0:21:21: if you read the notes and if you go
0:21:25: through
0:21:25: these videos correctly
0:21:28: this brings me to the end of the class i
0:21:31: hope you know about eduard
0:21:32: infinity it has been prepared by upsc
0:21:35: experts people who themselves have
0:21:36: cleared the ups examinations
0:21:38: it has over 10 000 questions for your
0:21:40: practice appropriately designed for the
0:21:42: upsc level
0:21:44: and made by the experts who have cleared
0:21:46: the ups exam themselves
0:21:49: thank you so much for watching the video