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FAQs on Mind Map: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes - Chemistry Class 12 - NEET
| 1. What are haloalkanes and how are they classified? |  |
Ans.Haloalkanes, also known as alkyl halides, are organic compounds that contain at least one halogen atom (F, Cl, Br, I) attached to an alkane carbon chain. They can be classified based on the number of halogen atoms present:
1. Monohaloalkanes (one halogen),
2. Dihaloalkanes (two halogens),
3. Trihaloalkanes (three halogens), and
4. Tetrahaloalkanes (four halogens). They can also be classified based on the type of carbon atom to which the halogen is attached: primary, secondary, or tertiary haloalkanes.
| 2. What are haloarenes and how do they differ from haloalkanes? | |
Ans.Haloarenes are organic compounds that consist of a benzene ring with one or more halogen atoms attached to it. The key difference between haloarenes and haloalkanes is that haloarenes contain an aromatic ring, which significantly affects their chemical properties and stability. While haloalkanes are typically more reactive due to the presence of sp³ hybridized carbon atoms, haloarenes exhibit resonance stabilization due to their aromatic nature.
| 3. What are the general methods of preparing haloalkanes? | |
Ans.Haloalkanes can be prepared through several methods, including:
1. Halogenation of alkanes: This involves the reaction of alkanes with halogens (Cl₂ or Br₂) in the presence of heat or light.
2. Nucleophilic substitution: This method involves the reaction of alcohols with hydrogen halides (HCl, HBr, or HI) to produce haloalkanes.
3. Reduction of alkyl halides: Alkyl halides can also be produced by reducing alkyl sulfonates or by the reaction of alkenes with hydrogen halides.
| 4. What are the physical properties of haloalkanes and haloarenes? | |
Ans.Haloalkanes and haloarenes have unique physical properties. Haloalkanes are generally colorless liquids or solids with higher boiling points than their corresponding alkanes due to the presence of halogen atoms, which increase molecular weight. They are often non-polar and less soluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. Haloarenes, on the other hand, are typically solids at room temperature and also exhibit higher boiling points compared to alkanes due to their aromatic structure. Both classes of compounds can exhibit dipole-dipole interactions due to polar C-X bonds (where X is the halogen).
| 5. What are the applications of haloalkanes and haloarenes in everyday life? | |
Ans.Haloalkanes and haloarenes have several important applications in everyday life. Haloalkanes are commonly used as solvents, refrigerants, and in the production of various pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. They are also found in some cleaning agents and pesticides. Haloarenes, particularly chlorobenzene and bromobenzene, are used as intermediates in the synthesis of dyes, pharmaceuticals, and other organic chemicals. Additionally, haloarenes are utilized in the production of polymers and as solvents in chemical reactions.
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