All questions of November Week 1 for NEET Exam

These are not audible because high frequency wave

It's an infrared sensor that reads temperatures.This sensor allows satellites to measure the amount of energy radiated by Earth's surface, clouds, oceans, air, and so on. Infrared sensors can be used at night—a helpful feature for forecasters, considering that the imager can only pick up data during daylight hours.

Infra red rays are basically heat radiation it gives warmth which support the plant growth. It also helps in treating muscle pain in the same way we use hot water massage for muscle cramps. Hope it helps:)

These electric and magnetic waves travel perpendicular to each other and have certain characteristics, including amplitude, wavelength, and frequency. General Properties of all electromagnetic radiation: Electromagnetic radiation can travel through empty space.

The utility frequency, (power) line frequency (American English) or mains frequency (British English) is the nominal frequency of the oscillations of alternating current (AC) in an electric power grid transmitted from a power station to the end-user.An electronic oscillator is an electronic circuit that produces a periodic, oscillating electronic signal, often a sine wave or a square wave. An RF oscillator produces signals in the radio frequency (RF) range of about 100 kHz to 100 GHz.

Role of α-Interferon in Cancer Treatment
α-Interferon (IFN-α) is a type of cytokine that plays a crucial role in the immune response and has therapeutic applications in cancer treatment.
Mechanism of Action
- Immune Activation: α-Interferon primarily functions by enhancing the immune system's ability to identify and destroy tumor cells.
- Cytokine Release: It stimulates the production of other cytokines and enhances the activity of immune cells such as T-cells and natural killer (NK) cells.
Enhancement of Antitumor Activity
- Immune Surveillance: By activating immune cells, α-Interferon improves the body's surveillance against cancer cells, making it more effective in recognizing and eliminating them.
- Inhibition of Tumor Growth: It has been shown to inhibit the proliferation of certain tumor cells, indirectly contributing to the management of cancer.
Clinical Applications
- Hepatocellular Carcinoma: α-Interferon is used in treating liver cancer, particularly in patients with hepatitis C virus.
- Melanoma and Renal Cell Carcinoma: It is also utilized in managing melanoma and renal cell carcinoma, among other cancers.
Conclusion
In summary, α-Interferon does not directly kill cancer cells, prevent DNA damage, or stop tumor formation. Instead, its primary role in cancer therapy is to activate the immune system, which leads to the targeted destruction of tumor cells. This immune-mediated approach is a vital aspect of modern cancer treatment strategies.

The emission of gamma rays does not alter the number of protons or neutrons in the nucleus but instead has the effect of moving the nucleus from a higher to a lower energy state (unstable to stable). Gamma ray emission frequently follows beta decay, alpha decay, and other nuclear decay processes.

Understanding HIV/AIDS Treatment
HIV/AIDS treatment involves a series of statements regarding the effectiveness and management of the disease. Let's break down the provided options to understand the correct answer.
Statement Analysis
- i. Anti-retroviral drugs can completely cure HIV/AIDS.
- This statement is incorrect. Anti-retroviral therapy (ART) does not cure HIV/AIDS; it is designed to manage the virus and prevent its progression.
- ii. Anti-retroviral drugs help control the replication of the virus and prolong the life of the patient.
- This statement is correct. ART effectively reduces the viral load in the body, helping individuals live longer and healthier lives by managing the virus.
- iii. There is no vaccine available for HIV prevention, but safe sex practices can reduce transmission.
- This statement is also correct. Currently, no vaccine exists for HIV, but using condoms and other safe sex practices significantly lowers the risk of transmission.
- iv. HIV treatment is only effective during the early stages of infection.
- This statement is incorrect. While early treatment is beneficial, ART can be effective at any stage of HIV infection.
Correct Answer Explanation
The correct answer is option 'b' (ii and iii).
- Reasoning:
- Statement ii accurately reflects the role of anti-retroviral drugs in managing HIV, highlighting their importance in controlling the virus and extending life.
- Statement iii correctly acknowledges the absence of a vaccine while emphasizing that safe sex practices can mitigate transmission risk.
In summary, while ART is crucial for managing HIV, it does not provide a cure, and preventive measures like safe sex are essential for reducing transmission.

Microwaves have wavelengths in the range of 1mm to 1m.

Explanation:
Microwaves are a form of electromagnetic radiation that falls between infrared radiation and radio waves on the electromagnetic spectrum. They are widely used in technology and everyday life, particularly in microwave ovens for cooking food.

1. Definition of microwaves:
Microwaves are a type of electromagnetic radiation with longer wavelengths than visible light but shorter wavelengths than radio waves. They have frequencies ranging from 300 MHz (0.3 GHz) to 300 GHz.

2. Wavelength range of microwaves:
Microwaves have wavelengths ranging from 1mm to 1m. This range corresponds to frequencies between 300 MHz and 300 GHz. The specific wavelength of a microwave depends on its frequency, which can vary depending on the application.

3. Importance of wavelength in microwaves:
The wavelength of microwaves is important because it determines their interaction with matter. For example, microwaves with longer wavelengths are more easily absorbed by water molecules, which is why they are used in microwave ovens to heat food. The shorter wavelengths of microwaves are used in communication systems, such as satellite communication and radar.

4. Applications of microwaves:
Microwaves have numerous applications in various fields, including:

- Communication: Microwaves are used in mobile phones, satellite communication, and wireless internet to transmit and receive signals.
- Cooking: Microwave ovens use microwaves to heat food quickly and efficiently.
- Radar: Microwaves are used in radar systems for navigation, weather forecasting, and military applications.
- Medical imaging: Microwaves are used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to generate images of the human body.
- Astronomy: Microwaves are used in radio telescopes to study celestial objects and phenomena.

In conclusion, microwaves have wavelengths in the range of 1mm to 1m, which corresponds to frequencies between 300 MHz and 300 GHz. Understanding the wavelength range of microwaves is crucial for their various applications in communication, cooking, radar, medical imaging, and astronomy.

Explanation:


Organic compounds:
- Methanol can be obtained when organic compounds containing a leaving group (-I) are heated with AgOH.


Correct options:
- (CH₃)₄NI: This compound contains a leaving group (-I), so it can give methanol as a major product when heated with AgOH.
- (C₆H₅)₂SCH₃I: This compound also contains a leaving group (-I), so it can give methanol as a major product when heated with AgOH.
- (CH₃)₃SI: This compound contains a leaving group (-I), so it can give methanol as a major product when heated with AgOH.

Understanding Viral Oncogenes and Cancer
Cancer can arise from various factors, and one significant contributor is the presence of viral oncogenes. These are genes that can transform normal cells into cancerous ones when introduced by certain viruses.
Association with Liver Cancer
- Liver cancer, particularly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is strongly linked to viral oncogenes.
- The most notable viruses are Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV).
- These viruses can integrate their genetic material into the host's DNA, leading to uncontrolled cell growth.
Mechanism of Action
- Viral oncogenes can disrupt normal cell regulatory mechanisms:
- They may inhibit tumor suppressor genes.
- They can activate proto-oncogenes that promote cell division.
- The chronic inflammation caused by these viruses also contributes to liver damage, which increases cancer risk.
Other Cancers and Viral Oncogenes
- While liver cancer is the most prominent example, other cancers can also be associated with viral oncogenes:
- Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is linked to cervical cancer.
- Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with certain lymphomas.
- However, the question specifically emphasizes liver cancer due to its direct association with viral oncogenesis.
Conclusion
In conclusion, liver cancer stands out as the type of cancer most commonly associated with viral oncogenes, particularly due to the significant roles of HBV and HCV. Understanding these connections is crucial for cancer prevention and treatment strategies.