All questions of Class 7 Polity for CTET & State TET Exam

Real Authority in Democratic Country

In a democratic country, the power is vested in the people. This means that the citizens of the country have the ultimate authority in decision-making processes. While there are elected officials such as the President, Prime Minister, and Governor, they are only representatives of the people and their authority is limited by the rules and regulations of the democratic system.

Role of President, Prime Minister, and Governor

The President, Prime Minister, and Governor are important figures in a democratic country. They have specific roles and responsibilities, but their authority is limited.

The President is the head of state and is responsible for representing the country on a national and international level. However, the President's authority is limited to specific areas such as foreign policy and military matters. The President also has the power to veto legislation passed by Congress but can be overridden by a two-thirds majority vote.

The Prime Minister is the head of government and is responsible for overseeing the day-to-day operations of the government. The Prime Minister is elected by the majority party in the legislature and has the power to appoint ministers and other officials. However, the Prime Minister's authority is also limited by the legislature, which can vote to remove them from office with a vote of no confidence.

The Governor is the head of a state or province and is responsible for implementing policies and overseeing the administration of the state. However, like the President and Prime Minister, the Governor's authority is limited by the laws and regulations of the democratic system.

Power of the People

In a democratic country, the real authority lies with the people. The citizens of the country have the power to elect their representatives, hold them accountable, and remove them from office if necessary. The people can also initiate changes to the laws and constitution through the democratic process.

The power of the people is exercised through various institutions such as elections, referendums, and protests. These institutions provide a platform for citizens to express their views and hold their representatives accountable.

Conclusion

In conclusion, while the President, Prime Minister, and Governor have important roles in a democratic country, their authority is limited by the democratic system. The real authority in a democratic country lies with the people, who have the power to elect their representatives and hold them accountable. The democratic system provides a framework for citizens to express their views and participate in decision-making processes.

The Father of the Indian Constitution is B.R. Ambedkar. He is also known as the chief architect of the Indian Constitution.

Ambedkar's contribution to the Constitution of India is immense. He was the chairman of the Drafting Committee which was responsible for drafting the Constitution of India. Ambedkar was a visionary leader who was committed to the cause of social justice and equality. He worked tirelessly to ensure that the Constitution of India reflected these values.

Ambedkar's vision for the Constitution of India was based on the principles of liberty, equality, and fraternity. He believed that the Constitution should be a living document that could adapt to changing times and circumstances. To this end, he included provisions for amendments to the Constitution.

Ambedkar was also instrumental in ensuring that the Constitution of India was inclusive and representative of all sections of society. He worked to ensure that the Constitution protected the rights of minorities, women, and other marginalized groups.

In conclusion, B.R. Ambedkar is rightly regarded as the Father of the Indian Constitution. His tireless efforts and visionary leadership played a crucial role in the drafting of the Constitution of India, which is now recognized as one of the most progressive and inclusive constitutions in the world.

A government is the system by which a state or community is governed. ... A form of government, or form of state governance, refers to the set of political systems and institutions that make up the organisation of a specific government.

Communicable diseases are those diseases that spread from one person to another through various modes of transmission such as air, water, food, and contact with infected individuals. These diseases are caused by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. The most common communicable diseases include tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, hepatitis, measles, and influenza.

Modes of transmission

There are several ways in which communicable diseases can be transmitted from one person to another. These include:

- Airborne transmission: This occurs when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks and the droplets containing the pathogen are inhaled by another person.
- Waterborne transmission: This occurs when water is contaminated with the pathogen and is consumed by another person.
- Foodborne transmission: This occurs when food is contaminated with the pathogen and is consumed by another person.
- Vector-borne transmission: This occurs when a vector such as a mosquito or tick carries the pathogen and transmits it to another person through a bite.
- Contact transmission: This occurs when an infected person touches another person, or when an infected person's bodily fluids such as blood, semen or saliva come into contact with another person.

Prevention and control

The prevention and control of communicable diseases is essential to reduce their spread. This can be achieved through various measures such as:

- Vaccination: Vaccines can be used to prevent many communicable diseases such as measles, polio, and hepatitis.
- Personal hygiene: Washing hands regularly, covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, and avoiding close contact with infected individuals can reduce the spread of communicable diseases.
- Environmental sanitation: Proper disposal of waste, clean water supply, and proper sewage disposal can prevent the spread of waterborne diseases.
- Vector control: Mosquito nets, insecticides, and habitat elimination can reduce the spread of vector-borne diseases.
- Treatment: Early diagnosis and treatment of communicable diseases can prevent their spread to others.

Conclusion

In conclusion, communicable diseases are a major public health concern as they can easily spread from one person to another. Proper prevention and control measures can help to reduce their spread and prevent outbreaks. It is essential to promote awareness of these diseases and their prevention measures to ensure a healthy population.

Civil Rights Movement in Canada

The Civil Rights Movement, primarily associated with the struggle for racial equality and justice, was a significant social and political movement that took place in the late 1950s and throughout the 1960s. While the movement is most commonly associated with the United States, it is important to note that similar struggles for civil rights were also taking place in other parts of the world, including Canada.

Background:
- Canada, like the United States, has a history of racial discrimination and segregation.
- People of African, Asian, and Indigenous descent faced systemic racism, prejudice, and unequal treatment.
- Discriminatory practices were prevalent in various areas, including housing, employment, education, and public services.

Key Figures and Organizations:
- Viola Desmond: She is often referred to as the "Canadian Rosa Parks." In 1946, Desmond, an African-Canadian businesswoman, refused to leave a whites-only section of a movie theater in Nova Scotia. Her act of resistance became a symbol of the fight against racial discrimination in Canada.
- The National Unity Association (NUA): Formed in 1941, the NUA aimed to combat racial discrimination and promote civil rights for marginalized communities in Canada. The organization played a crucial role in advocating for equality and justice.

Actions and Achievements:
- Legal Challenges: Similar to the United States, legal challenges were an important aspect of the Civil Rights Movement in Canada. Several court cases were brought forward to challenge discriminatory practices and laws.
- Activism and Protests: Activists and community organizations organized protests, sit-ins, and demonstrations to raise awareness about racial inequality and demand change.
- Legislative Reforms: The Civil Rights Movement in Canada led to significant legislative reforms. For example, the Canadian Bill of Rights was enacted in 1960, which aimed to protect individual rights and freedoms for all Canadians.

Impact and Legacy:
- The Civil Rights Movement in Canada played a crucial role in raising awareness about racial discrimination and promoting equality.
- The movement paved the way for subsequent activism and advocacy efforts, leading to further reforms and improvements in civil rights protections in the country.
- While there is still work to be done, the Civil Rights Movement in Canada contributed to shaping a more inclusive and equitable society.

In conclusion, the Civil Rights Movement did take place in Canada, along with the United States and other parts of the world. The movement aimed to address racial discrimination, promote equality, and fight for civil rights for marginalized communities.

A

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a landmark piece of legislation that outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. It was signed into law on July 2, 1964, by President Lyndon B. Johnson after a long and difficult struggle to overcome opposition in Congress.

Background

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was the culmination of a long and difficult struggle for civil rights in the United States. The Civil Rights Movement, which began in the 1950s, was a grassroots effort by African Americans and their allies to challenge segregation and discrimination in all areas of American life.

In 1954, the Supreme Court ruled in Brown v. Board of Education that segregation in public schools was unconstitutional. This decision set off a wave of protests, boycotts, and sit-ins across the country, as African Americans demanded equal rights and an end to discrimination.

Passage of the Act

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was first introduced in Congress by President John F. Kennedy in 1963, but it faced strong opposition from Southern Democrats who were determined to maintain segregation and discrimination in their states.

After Kennedy's assassination in November 1963, President Lyndon B. Johnson made the passage of the Civil Rights Act a top priority. In a speech to Congress in June 1964, Johnson declared that "we shall overcome" the forces of discrimination and injustice.

After months of debate and negotiation, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was finally passed by Congress on July 2, 1964. The bill was signed into law by President Johnson the next day.

Impact

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was a major victory for the Civil Rights Movement and a turning point in American history. It outlawed discrimination in employment, education, and public accommodations, and paved the way for further civil rights legislation in the years to come.

Today, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is widely recognized as one of the most important pieces of legislation in American history. It continues to serve as a symbol of the struggle for civil rights and a reminder of the work that still needs to be done to achieve true equality and justice for all.

A) The Indian Constitution is called a living document because it can be amended or changed.
b) Our Constitution accepts the necessity of modifications according to changing needs of the society.

The property dealer suggested to Mr. Ansari that he should change names.

Explanation:
The suggestion of changing names by the property dealer is based on the assumption that Mr. Ansari might be facing discrimination or bias due to his name. By changing his name, it is implied that Mr. Ansari may be able to avoid any prejudice that he might be facing and improve his chances in the property market.

Changing names is a common practice in many societies and cultures, especially when individuals believe that their names might be a barrier to their success or acceptance. This can be particularly relevant in situations where there is a perceived bias or discrimination against certain names or ethnic backgrounds.

The property dealer's suggestion highlights the potential challenges that individuals like Mr. Ansari might face when it comes to property transactions. Discrimination in the real estate market is a well-documented issue in many countries, and individuals from certain ethnic or religious backgrounds may face prejudice when trying to buy or rent properties.

By suggesting a name change, the property dealer is proposing a solution that aims to overcome any potential bias or discrimination that Mr. Ansari might be experiencing. While changing names is a personal decision and might not be a guaranteed solution to the problem, it is seen as a way to potentially level the playing field and increase the chances of success in the property market.

Overall, the property dealer's suggestion reflects the reality of discrimination that some individuals face in the real estate market and highlights the measures that people might consider taking to navigate these challenges.

The primary goal of commercial advertisements is to promote or sell a particular product and generate profits for the companies that produce and advertise these products.

The construction of the dam was started by Shri Vinay Kumar Diwan in 1958. The construction of the dam ended in 1978.

Corton

In order to successfully carry out this mandate, each State Government started its own Mid-Day Meal Programme with Akshara Dasoha being initiated by the Government of Karnataka. One of the major challenges faced by the Government was the successful implementation of the scheme.

Understanding Citizen Communication with Government
Citizens play a vital role in a democracy, and there are several ways they can express their opinions to the government. Among the options given, communicating through their elected MLAs (Members of Legislative Assembly) is the most effective way.
Why Option C is Correct
- Citizens elect MLAs during state elections, who represent their interests in the legislative assembly.
- Elected MLAs have a direct line to the government and can voice the concerns and opinions of their constituents effectively.
- This communication can happen through various means, such as:
- Public meetings: MLAs often hold meetings to gather feedback from citizens.
- Letters & petitions: Citizens can write to their MLAs, who are obligated to address these concerns.
Other Options Explained
- a) Through the Governor: The Governor is more of a ceremonial figure and does not engage with citizens directly regarding their opinions.
- b) By writing to the Chief Minister: While citizens can write to the Chief Minister, it is less common and may not yield immediate responses compared to direct communication with MLAs.
- d) By voting in national elections: Voting is crucial for expressing opinions, but it is a periodic action and does not allow for ongoing communication or feedback.
Conclusion
In summary, option 'C' is the best choice as it enables citizens to have ongoing dialogue with their government through their elected representatives, ensuring that their voices are heard and considered in the decision-making process.

Understanding Separation of Powers in State Governance
The principle of separation of powers is a fundamental concept in democratic governance that divides government responsibilities into distinct branches, primarily the executive, legislative, and judiciary. This ensures that no single branch becomes too powerful.

Distinct Roles with Checks and Balances
- Each branch of government has specific functions:
- The **Legislature** creates laws.
- The **Executive** implements and enforces laws.
- The **Judiciary** interprets laws and settles disputes.
- This division allows for:
- **Checks and Balances**: Each branch has the authority to monitor and limit the powers of the other branches. For example:
- The legislature can override a presidential veto.
- The judiciary can declare laws unconstitutional.
- Ensuring Accountability:
- This system prevents abuse of power by allowing each branch to hold the others accountable. For instance:
- Courts can review actions taken by the executive.

Contrast with Other Options
- **Complete Isolation** (Option A):
- This would imply that branches do not interact, which could lead to inefficiency.
- **Rotation of Power** (Option C):
- While beneficial in some contexts, this concept does not align with the foundational idea of separation of powers.
- **Abolition of the Executive Branch** (Option D):
- This contradicts the very essence of a functioning government, as all branches are essential.

Conclusion
In summary, the correct understanding of the separation of powers is the establishment of distinct roles with checks and balances (Option B), ensuring that the government functions effectively and responsibly.

Yes it true as the governor works like a teacher who ensures that it class is behaving well

The Ongoing Struggle for Recognition of Equality and Dignity in Democratic India
In democratic India, an ongoing struggle that affects various aspects of daily life is the recognition of all persons as equal and the maintenance of their dignity. This struggle is deeply rooted in the history of the country and continues to manifest itself in different forms in contemporary society.

Equality for All
One of the key aspects of this struggle is the fight for equality for all individuals, regardless of their background, caste, religion, gender, or economic status. Despite legal provisions and affirmative action policies, there are still deep-rooted inequalities that persist in Indian society. Marginalized communities often face discrimination and are denied equal opportunities in various spheres of life.

Maintenance of Dignity
Another crucial aspect of this struggle is the maintenance of human dignity. Many individuals in India continue to face violations of their dignity, whether through social exclusion, violence, exploitation, or lack of access to basic amenities. The struggle to uphold the dignity of every individual is intertwined with the broader fight for social justice and human rights.

Impact on Daily Life
This ongoing struggle for recognition of equality and dignity impacts various aspects of daily life in India. It influences social interactions, access to resources, opportunities for education and employment, and overall well-being. The failure to address these issues hampers the country's progress towards becoming a truly inclusive and equitable society.

Conclusion
In conclusion, the struggle for the recognition of all persons as equal and the maintenance of their dignity is a significant challenge in democratic India. Addressing this issue requires a collective effort from all sections of society, including policymakers, civil society organizations, and individuals, to ensure that every person is treated with respect and provided with equal opportunities to thrive.

The credibility of the media is a crucial aspect in maintaining the trust of the public. It is important for the media to adhere to certain ethical standards in order to retain their credibility. In the given options, all except option 'C' contribute to maintaining the credibility of the media. Let's analyze each option to understand why 'C' is the correct answer.

a) Media should not pronounce people guilty or innocence:
When reporting on legal matters, it is essential for the media to present the facts objectively without passing judgments on the guilt or innocence of individuals involved in a case. Media should strive to present accurate information and allow the legal system to determine the guilt or innocence of individuals through a fair trial.

b) Media should not conduct trials:
The role of the media is to report on trials and legal proceedings, not to conduct them. Conducting trials is the responsibility of the legal system, and the media should focus on providing accurate coverage of the events taking place in the courtroom. By leaving the trial process to the appropriate authorities, the media can maintain its credibility.

c) Media resort to unethical means:
This option is the correct answer because resorting to unethical means, such as fabrication of stories, misrepresentation of facts, invasion of privacy, or biased reporting, undermines the credibility of the media. It is essential for the media to adhere to ethical standards and strive for accuracy, fairness, and objectivity in their reporting.

d) It does not make money from sting operations:
While it is important for the media to generate revenue to sustain their operations, making money from sting operations is not directly related to the credibility of the media. Sting operations, when conducted ethically and in the public interest, can expose corruption or wrongdoing. However, the media should ensure that such operations are conducted within legal and ethical boundaries to maintain their credibility.

In conclusion, option 'C' is the correct answer because the media should not resort to unethical means, such as fabrication, misrepresentation, invasion of privacy, or biased reporting, as it undermines their credibility. Adhering to ethical standards and maintaining objectivity in their reporting is crucial for the media to retain the trust of the public.

**Explanation:**

When a company takes masoor ki daal and puts it into a packet, they decide on a name like "Top Taste Daal" to attract consumers. In this case, the correct answer is option 'D', which states that the name appeals to our concern for our children's health. Let's analyze this further.

**1. Marketing Strategy:**
- Companies often use marketing strategies to promote their products and create a positive image in the minds of consumers.
- One such strategy is to give an appealing name to the product, which can attract the target audience.

**2. Healthy Connotation:**
- The name "Top Taste Daal" suggests that the daal is of high quality and superior taste.
- It implies that consuming this daal will enhance the taste and overall culinary experience.
- By associating the name with taste, the company intends to draw attention to the quality and flavor of the product.

**3. Concern for Children's Health:**
- In the given options, option 'D' states that the name appeals to our concern for our children's health.
- This implies that the company is targeting parents who are conscious about the health and well-being of their children.
- By choosing such a name, the company aims to position its product as a healthy food choice for children.
- Parents are more likely to purchase a product that they perceive as beneficial for their children's health.

**4. Nutritional Benefits:**
- Masoor ki daal, commonly known as red lentils, is highly nutritious and rich in protein, fiber, vitamins, and minerals.
- By packaging it as "Top Taste Daal," the company is suggesting that it not only tastes good but also provides essential nutrients.
- This association between taste and health aims to persuade consumers that they can enjoy a delicious meal while also fulfilling their nutritional requirements.

**Conclusion:**
The name "Top Taste Daal" chosen by the company appeals to our concern for our children's health. It suggests that the product is not only tasty but also nutritious, targeting parents who prioritize the well-being of their children. By using this name, the company aims to position its product as a healthy food choice, potentially increasing its sales and market share.

Impact of Societal Norms on Education in Madhya Pradesh in the 1960s
The text implies that societal norms had a significant impact on the education of boys and girls in Madhya Pradesh in the 1960s. Let's break down the implications further:

Different Educational Environments for Boys and Girls
Societal norms in Madhya Pradesh in the 1960s likely dictated different educational environments and experiences for boys and girls. These norms could have influenced the types of subjects taught to each gender, the level of encouragement given to pursue education, and even the opportunities available for further studies.

Gender Disparities in Opportunities
It is suggested that boys and girls did not receive equal educational opportunities. Girls, in particular, may have faced more barriers to accessing education or pursuing higher studies compared to boys. This disparity could have been a result of societal expectations regarding gender roles and the value placed on education for each gender.

Encouragement for Higher Education
The text hints that girls were encouraged to pursue higher education more than boys. This could be due to efforts to empower girls through education or to challenge traditional gender roles. However, it also indicates that societal norms played a role in shaping the educational paths available to boys and girls in Madhya Pradesh during that time.
In conclusion, the text implies that societal norms in Madhya Pradesh in the 1960s led to different educational environments and experiences for boys and girls, resulting in disparities in opportunities and levels of encouragement for higher education.

Universal Adult Franchise and its basis on Equality

Universal adult franchise is the principle that every adult citizen of a country has the right to vote in an election, regardless of their social status, race, gender, or religion. It is an essential aspect of democratic societies, as it ensures that every individual has an equal say in the governance of their country.

The idea of universal adult franchise is based on the principle of equality. The concept of equality means that every individual is entitled to equal rights and opportunities. Therefore, every adult citizen should have an equal say in the governance of their country.

The principle of equality is enshrined in the Constitution of India. Article 14 of the Constitution guarantees that every individual is equal before the law and is entitled to equal protection of the law. Article 15 of the Constitution prohibits discrimination based on religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth. Article 16 guarantees equality of opportunity in matters of public employment.

Universal adult franchise and the principle of equality go hand in hand. The right to vote is a fundamental right that every citizen of a democratic country should have, regardless of their social status, caste, gender, or religion. By ensuring that every individual has an equal say in the governance of their country, the principle of equality is upheld.

Conclusion

In conclusion, universal adult franchise is based on the principle of equality, which guarantees that every individual is entitled to equal rights and opportunities. The right to vote is a fundamental right that every citizen of a democratic country should have, and it ensures that every individual has an equal say in the governance of their country. The principle of equality is enshrined in the Constitution of India, and it is essential for the progress and development of a democratic society.

Growing up in Samoan society in the 1920s involved more rigid and distinct gender roles from an early age, with specific tasks assigned to boys and girls, unlike the more fluid roles suggested in other contexts.

Kindly provide more details so that I can assist you better.

For a new law to be implemented regarding health and sanitation in a state, it must be discussed and passed by the Legislative Assembly. This legislative process ensures that the law is reviewed and approved by elected representatives.

Commercial paper issued with low interest rate is categorized as better credit rating.

Explanation:

Commercial paper is a short-term debt instrument issued by companies to meet their short-term financial requirements. These are unsecured and negotiable promissory notes issued by companies for a period of up to 364 days.

Commercial paper is rated by credit rating agencies based on the issuer's creditworthiness. The rating reflects the issuer's ability to repay the debt on time and the risk associated with the investment. The rating agencies assign a rating based on the issuer's financial strength, business profile, and management quality.

The interest rate on commercial paper is determined by the rating assigned by the credit rating agency. The higher the rating, the lower the interest rate, and vice versa. Hence, commercial paper issued with a low-interest rate is considered to have a better credit rating.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, commercial paper issued with a low-interest rate is categorized as a better credit rating. The credit rating reflects the issuer's ability to repay the debt on time and the risk associated with the investment. Therefore, investors should consider the credit rating assigned by the credit rating agency before investing in commercial paper.