All questions of Class 7 History for UPSC CSE Exam

Ananga Pala of Tomara Rajputs first established his or her capital at Delhi.

Quran

• There are two sources from which history is written.
• They are Archaeological and Literary.
• The Archaeological Source is 1. Archaeological Remains and Monuments, 2. Inscriptions, 3. Coins. 
• The Literary Source is 1. Religious Literature, 2. Secular Literature, 3. Account of Foreigners that is Travelogue.

The correct answer is option 'D', i.e., Sanskrit epics.

Explanation:
The temple theatre of Kerala, also known as Koothu-p-pattarai, is a traditional theatre form that originated in Kerala, India. It is believed to have been developed in the 9th century AD during the reign of the Chera dynasty. This theatre form is performed in the temple premises during festivals and other important occasions.

The stories depicted in the temple theatre of Kerala are mainly taken from the Sanskrit epics such as Ramayana and Mahabharata. The characters and events from these epics are adapted to suit the local culture and traditions. The performances are usually accompanied by music, dance, and elaborate costumes.

The temple theatre of Kerala is known for its unique style of acting, which involves exaggerated facial expressions and body movements. The actors, who are usually male, also use a combination of dialogue and song to convey the story to the audience.

In conclusion, the temple theatre of Kerala, which is a significant part of the state's cultural heritage, borrowed stories from the Sanskrit epics such as Ramayana and Mahabharata.

The founder of the Slave Dynasty was Qutt-ud-din Aibak.

Explanation:
The Slave Dynasty was the first Muslim dynasty in India, which ruled from 1206 to 1290 AD. Qutb-ud-din Aibak, a Turkish slave of Muhammad Ghori, established the Slave Dynasty in India.

Qutb-ud-din Aibak was appointed as the governor of Delhi by Muhammad Ghori in 1192 AD. After the death of Muhammad Ghori in 1206 AD, Qutb-ud-din Aibak declared himself as the sultan of Delhi and founded the Slave Dynasty.

The Slave Dynasty was so named because the rulers of this dynasty were originally slaves who were brought to India by the Muslim invaders. The rulers of this dynasty were known for their military prowess and their conquests of various parts of India.

Some of the notable rulers of the Slave Dynasty include Iltutmish, who succeeded Qutb-ud-din Aibak as the sultan of Delhi, and Razia Sultan, who became the first female ruler of Delhi.

In conclusion, Qutb-ud-din Aibak was the founder of the Slave Dynasty in India.

Yes , the option C is correct , And it was a painting of 1590 by Babur supervising the works layed out by chahar bagh in Kabul .

Decline of the Mughals: The period of the Great Mughals, which began in 1526 with Babur's accession to the throne, ended with the death of Aurangzeb in 1707. Aurangzeb's death marked the end of an era in Indian history. When Aurangzeb died, the empire of the Mughals was the largest in India.

Quwwat ul Islam Masjid is in Delhi

**Explanation:**

The Peacock Throne was indeed looted by Nadir Shah, making option B the correct answer. Here is a detailed explanation of how and why the Peacock Throne came into Nadir Shah's possession:

**The Peacock Throne:**
The Peacock Throne was a magnificent throne made for the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in the 17th century. It was adorned with precious gems, including rubies, diamonds, emeralds, and pearls, and was named for the life-sized peacocks that stood behind it, their tails dazzling with gemstones.

**Nadir Shah's Invasion:**
In the early 18th century, Nadir Shah, the ruler of Persia (present-day Iran), launched a military campaign to conquer vast territories, including the Mughal Empire in India. He sought to plunder the wealth and treasures of the Mughals, which included the Peacock Throne.

**The Battle of Karnal:**
Nadir Shah's invasion culminated in the Battle of Karnal in 1739. The Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah was defeated, and Nadir Shah's army captured Delhi. The victorious Persian army then went on a rampage, looting and plundering the city.

**Looting of the Peacock Throne:**
During the sacking of Delhi, Nadir Shah's soldiers plundered the Mughal treasury and seized numerous valuable items, including the Peacock Throne. The throne's precious gems and jewels were torn off and carried away, leaving behind only the gold structure.

**Nadir Shah's Return to Persia:**
After the looting, Nadir Shah returned to Persia with his spoils, including the Peacock Throne. The throne was dismantled, and the precious stones were distributed among his soldiers and nobles.

**Fate of the Peacock Throne:**
The fate of the Peacock Throne's individual pieces remains unclear. Some gems were sold or traded, while others were passed down through generations. Over time, the gems from the Peacock Throne became scattered across different collections and private hands.

**Conclusion:**
In conclusion, the Peacock Throne was indeed looted by Nadir Shah during his invasion of the Mughal Empire. The throne, known for its exquisite beauty and valuable gemstones, was dismantled and its precious gems distributed among Nadir Shah's soldiers and nobility. Today, the fate of the Peacock Throne's individual pieces remains a mystery, with its gems scattered across various collections.

The correct answer is option 'D' - Hinduism. The Ahom people are an ethnic group indigenous to the northeastern state of Assam in India. They have a rich cultural heritage and their religious beliefs have played a significant role in shaping their identity. Hinduism is the predominant religion followed by the Ahoms, and it holds a deep influence on their customs, rituals, and social practices.

Religious Beliefs of Ahoms:
- The Ahom people primarily follow a form of Hinduism known as Ahom Dharma, which is a blend of local tribal beliefs and Hindu practices.
- Ahom Dharma has its roots in the ancient traditions of the Ahom kingdom, which was established in the 13th century.
- The Ahom kings, known as Chaopha, were believed to be descendants of Lord Shiva, and they played a crucial role in promoting and preserving the Hindu faith among their subjects.
- The Ahom pantheon of deities includes various Hindu gods and goddesses such as Shiva, Durga, Vishnu, and Hanuman. These deities are worshipped in elaborate rituals and festivals.
- The Ahom people also believe in the concept of karma, reincarnation, and the cycle of birth and death, which are central tenets of Hindu philosophy.

Influence on Culture and Customs:
- Hinduism has deeply influenced the cultural practices and traditions of the Ahom people. It is reflected in their festivals, music, dance, and art forms.
- Bihu, the most important festival of Assam, is celebrated by the Ahoms with great enthusiasm. It is a harvest festival that combines Hindu rituals with traditional folk dances and songs.
- The Ahoms also practice various Hindu rituals such as marriage ceremonies, thread ceremonies, and funeral rites, which are integral parts of their social and religious life.
- The Ahom kings built numerous temples dedicated to Hindu deities, which served as centers of religious and cultural activities. These temples, such as the Kamakhya Temple in Guwahati, are revered by both Ahoms and other Hindu communities.

Conclusion:
In summary, the Ahom people primarily follow Hinduism, which has shaped their religious beliefs, cultural practices, and social customs. Ahom Dharma, a unique blend of tribal traditions and Hindu rituals, is an important aspect of their identity. The influence of Hinduism can be seen in their festivals, temple architecture, and daily life, making it an integral part of the Ahom community.

The Banjaras were the most important trader nomads. Sultan Alauddin Khalji used the Banjaras to transport grain to the city markets. Emperor Jahangir wrote in his memoirs that the Banjaras carried grain on their bullocks from different areas and sold it in towns. They transported food grain for the Mughal army during military campaigns. With a large army there could be 100,000 bullocks carrying grain.

Manuscripts were collected by wealthy people, rulers, monasteries and temples. 

C)Large mansions of merchants
Bazaar and well is the basic necessity of the people while mosque is place of faith and belief of the people but mansions of merchants was their need so why king will construct their mansion?
Therefore mansions was not constructed by kings

Odisha

Option A

**Insight into the Technologies Used for Construction**

Monuments are not just mere structures; they are a reflection of the society, culture, and technological advancements of a particular era. They serve as a window into the past, providing valuable insights into the construction techniques and technologies employed by our ancestors. By studying these ancient structures, historians, archaeologists, and architects can unravel valuable information about the engineering skills, tools, and materials used in their construction. This knowledge helps us understand the evolution of construction techniques and the progress made over time.

**Building Materials**

One of the key aspects that monuments reveal is the type of building materials used during their construction. Different regions have different natural resources, and this often influenced the choice of materials. For example, ancient Egyptian monuments like the pyramids were constructed using limestone, while the Romans used concrete extensively in their architectural marvels. By understanding the materials used, we can gain insights into the availability of resources and the technological advancements made in materials science.

**Architectural Design and Engineering**

Monuments also provide valuable insights into architectural design and engineering practices of the past. The intricate carvings, the use of domes, arches, and columns, and the structural stability of these ancient structures provide evidence of the knowledge and skills possessed by ancient civilizations. For example, the Taj Mahal in India is an architectural masterpiece that showcases the use of symmetry, balance, and intricate detailing. By studying such monuments, architects and engineers can learn from the past and apply these principles in modern construction.

**Construction Techniques**

Monuments often showcase the construction techniques employed by ancient civilizations. The precision in stone-cutting, the use of mortar, the methods of laying bricks or stones, and the architectural innovations employed during construction are all evident in these structures. For instance, the construction techniques used by the Incas in Machu Picchu, such as the use of tight-fitting stones without the need for mortar, are still admired today. By studying these techniques, we can gain insights into the skills and knowledge possessed by ancient builders.

**Conclusion**

Monuments are not just symbols of architectural beauty and historical significance; they serve as valuable repositories of knowledge about the technologies and techniques used in their construction. By studying these structures, we can gain insights into the engineering skills, building materials, and construction practices of the past. This knowledge is crucial for understanding our history, preserving ancient structures, and furthering the progress in the field of architecture and engineering.

The construction of the agra fort was started around 1565 , when the initial structures were built by the mughal emperor Akbar and subsequently taken over by his grandson Shah jahan, who added most of the marble creations to the fort.

Amritsar is in Punjab....

Pushkar Lake is located in the city of Ajmer, Rajasthan, India. It is one of the most sacred lakes in India and is considered to be a holy site for Hindus. The lake is surrounded by 52 ghats, or steps, where pilgrims come to take a dip in the holy water. Here's a breakdown of why the correct answer is Ajmer:

Location of Pushkar Lake
- Pushkar Lake is located in the city of Ajmer, which is in the state of Rajasthan in India.
- Ajmer is known for its historical significance and is home to many important religious sites.

Importance of Pushkar Lake
- Pushkar Lake is considered to be one of the most sacred lakes in India.
- It is believed that a dip in the holy water of the lake can wash away sins and bring salvation.
- The lake is surrounded by 52 ghats, where pilgrims come to take a dip in the holy water.

Connection to Hinduism
- Pushkar Lake is a holy site for Hindus and is mentioned in many ancient Hindu scriptures.
- According to Hindu mythology, the lake was created by Lord Brahma, one of the three main gods in Hinduism.
- The city of Pushkar, which is located near the lake, is home to the only temple in the world dedicated to Lord Brahma.

In conclusion, Pushkar Lake is located in the city of Ajmer, Rajasthan, India, and is considered to be one of the most sacred lakes in India. It is a holy site for Hindus and is believed to have been created by Lord Brahma. The lake is surrounded by 52 ghats, where pilgrims come to take a dip in the holy water.

Celebration of Navaratri at Hampi

Navaratri is one of the most important festivals celebrated at Hampi. It is a nine-night festival dedicated to the worship of the Hindu goddess Durga. The festival signifies the victory of good over evil and is celebrated with great enthusiasm and devotion.

Historical Significance of Navaratri at Hampi

Hampi, located in the southern state of Karnataka, was once the capital of the Vijayanagara Empire. The empire was known for its rich cultural heritage and patronage of the arts. During the reign of the Vijayanagara kings, Navaratri was celebrated with grandeur and splendor. The festival was marked by elaborate processions, music, dance, and religious rituals. It was a time of joy and celebration for the people of Hampi.

Religious Significance of Navaratri

Navaratri is dedicated to the worship of Goddess Durga, who is the embodiment of divine power and strength. The festival is celebrated to honor and seek the blessings of the goddess. Each day of the festival is dedicated to a different form of the goddess, and prayers and rituals are performed to invoke her divine presence. The nine nights of Navaratri are believed to be a time of spiritual purification and renewal.

Celebrations during Navaratri at Hampi

During Navaratri, the entire town of Hampi comes alive with festivities. The temples are beautifully decorated with flowers and lights, and devotees throng to offer prayers and seek blessings. Colorful processions are taken out, with people dressed in traditional attire and carrying idols of the goddess. The air is filled with the sounds of devotional music and the beats of drums. Dance performances, known as Garba and Dandiya, are also organized, where people participate with great enthusiasm.

Conclusion

Navaratri is a significant festival celebrated at Hampi, which holds historical and religious importance. The festival brings people together in celebration and devotion, creating a vibrant and festive atmosphere in the town. It is a time of joy, worship, and cultural expression, and continues to be an integral part of the cultural heritage of Hampi.

Books Before and After The Gutenberg Bible. For approximately 4,500 years before Gutenberg invented the printing press, books were produced by hand. They were written on surfaces of clay, papyrus, wax, and parchment.

Weavers such as the Saliyar or Kaikkolars emerged as prosperous communities, making donations to temples.

Option B is correct