All questions of Class 7 History for UPSC CSE Exam

Quran

Ananga Pala of Tomara Rajputs first established his or her capital at Delhi.

• There are two sources from which history is written.
• They are Archaeological and Literary.
• The Archaeological Source is 1. Archaeological Remains and Monuments, 2. Inscriptions, 3. Coins. 
• The Literary Source is 1. Religious Literature, 2. Secular Literature, 3. Account of Foreigners that is Travelogue.

Yes , the option C is correct , And it was a painting of 1590 by Babur supervising the works layed out by chahar bagh in Kabul .

Decline of the Mughals: The period of the Great Mughals, which began in 1526 with Babur's accession to the throne, ended with the death of Aurangzeb in 1707. Aurangzeb's death marked the end of an era in Indian history. When Aurangzeb died, the empire of the Mughals was the largest in India.

Quwwat ul Islam Masjid is in Delhi

**Explanation:**

The Peacock Throne was indeed looted by Nadir Shah, making option B the correct answer. Here is a detailed explanation of how and why the Peacock Throne came into Nadir Shah's possession:

**The Peacock Throne:**
The Peacock Throne was a magnificent throne made for the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in the 17th century. It was adorned with precious gems, including rubies, diamonds, emeralds, and pearls, and was named for the life-sized peacocks that stood behind it, their tails dazzling with gemstones.

**Nadir Shah's Invasion:**
In the early 18th century, Nadir Shah, the ruler of Persia (present-day Iran), launched a military campaign to conquer vast territories, including the Mughal Empire in India. He sought to plunder the wealth and treasures of the Mughals, which included the Peacock Throne.

**The Battle of Karnal:**
Nadir Shah's invasion culminated in the Battle of Karnal in 1739. The Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah was defeated, and Nadir Shah's army captured Delhi. The victorious Persian army then went on a rampage, looting and plundering the city.

**Looting of the Peacock Throne:**
During the sacking of Delhi, Nadir Shah's soldiers plundered the Mughal treasury and seized numerous valuable items, including the Peacock Throne. The throne's precious gems and jewels were torn off and carried away, leaving behind only the gold structure.

**Nadir Shah's Return to Persia:**
After the looting, Nadir Shah returned to Persia with his spoils, including the Peacock Throne. The throne was dismantled, and the precious stones were distributed among his soldiers and nobles.

**Fate of the Peacock Throne:**
The fate of the Peacock Throne's individual pieces remains unclear. Some gems were sold or traded, while others were passed down through generations. Over time, the gems from the Peacock Throne became scattered across different collections and private hands.

**Conclusion:**
In conclusion, the Peacock Throne was indeed looted by Nadir Shah during his invasion of the Mughal Empire. The throne, known for its exquisite beauty and valuable gemstones, was dismantled and its precious gems distributed among Nadir Shah's soldiers and nobility. Today, the fate of the Peacock Throne's individual pieces remains a mystery, with its gems scattered across various collections.

The correct answer is option 'D' - Hinduism. The Ahom people are an ethnic group indigenous to the northeastern state of Assam in India. They have a rich cultural heritage and their religious beliefs have played a significant role in shaping their identity. Hinduism is the predominant religion followed by the Ahoms, and it holds a deep influence on their customs, rituals, and social practices.

Religious Beliefs of Ahoms:
- The Ahom people primarily follow a form of Hinduism known as Ahom Dharma, which is a blend of local tribal beliefs and Hindu practices.
- Ahom Dharma has its roots in the ancient traditions of the Ahom kingdom, which was established in the 13th century.
- The Ahom kings, known as Chaopha, were believed to be descendants of Lord Shiva, and they played a crucial role in promoting and preserving the Hindu faith among their subjects.
- The Ahom pantheon of deities includes various Hindu gods and goddesses such as Shiva, Durga, Vishnu, and Hanuman. These deities are worshipped in elaborate rituals and festivals.
- The Ahom people also believe in the concept of karma, reincarnation, and the cycle of birth and death, which are central tenets of Hindu philosophy.

Influence on Culture and Customs:
- Hinduism has deeply influenced the cultural practices and traditions of the Ahom people. It is reflected in their festivals, music, dance, and art forms.
- Bihu, the most important festival of Assam, is celebrated by the Ahoms with great enthusiasm. It is a harvest festival that combines Hindu rituals with traditional folk dances and songs.
- The Ahoms also practice various Hindu rituals such as marriage ceremonies, thread ceremonies, and funeral rites, which are integral parts of their social and religious life.
- The Ahom kings built numerous temples dedicated to Hindu deities, which served as centers of religious and cultural activities. These temples, such as the Kamakhya Temple in Guwahati, are revered by both Ahoms and other Hindu communities.

Conclusion:
In summary, the Ahom people primarily follow Hinduism, which has shaped their religious beliefs, cultural practices, and social customs. Ahom Dharma, a unique blend of tribal traditions and Hindu rituals, is an important aspect of their identity. The influence of Hinduism can be seen in their festivals, temple architecture, and daily life, making it an integral part of the Ahom community.

The Banjaras were the most important trader nomads. Sultan Alauddin Khalji used the Banjaras to transport grain to the city markets. Emperor Jahangir wrote in his memoirs that the Banjaras carried grain on their bullocks from different areas and sold it in towns. They transported food grain for the Mughal army during military campaigns. With a large army there could be 100,000 bullocks carrying grain.

Manuscripts were collected by wealthy people, rulers, monasteries and temples. 

Construction Activities Carried Out by the King:

• Bazaars: The king carried out the construction of bazaars. Bazaars are marketplaces where goods and services are exchanged. The king built these marketplaces to promote trade and commerce.


• Wells: The king also constructed wells. Wells are sources of water, and by building them, the king ensured that the people had access to clean and safe water for various purposes such as drinking, agriculture, and sanitation.


• Mosque: The king was involved in the construction of a mosque. Mosques are places of worship for Muslims, and by building a mosque, the king provided a sacred space for prayer and religious activities for the community.

Construction Activity Not Carried Out by the King:

• Large Mansion of Merchants: The construction of a large mansion of merchants was not carried out by the king. This implies that the king did not personally oversee the construction of a grand residential building specifically for merchants.

Therefore, the correct answer is C: Large mansion of merchants.

Odisha

Here the most appropriate option is temple dancer .

But actually they are worked to as a ___ worker .

Matlab ki in ladkiyon ko unke maa ba@ap se alag kar bhagwan ke naam par unka galat tarike se soshad kiya jata tha .

Isleye isko ab ban kiya gaya hai .

Option A

Pushkar Lake is located in the city of Ajmer, Rajasthan, India. It is one of the most sacred lakes in India and is considered to be a holy site for Hindus. The lake is surrounded by 52 ghats, or steps, where pilgrims come to take a dip in the holy water. Here's a breakdown of why the correct answer is Ajmer:

Location of Pushkar Lake
- Pushkar Lake is located in the city of Ajmer, which is in the state of Rajasthan in India.
- Ajmer is known for its historical significance and is home to many important religious sites.

Importance of Pushkar Lake
- Pushkar Lake is considered to be one of the most sacred lakes in India.
- It is believed that a dip in the holy water of the lake can wash away sins and bring salvation.
- The lake is surrounded by 52 ghats, where pilgrims come to take a dip in the holy water.

Connection to Hinduism
- Pushkar Lake is a holy site for Hindus and is mentioned in many ancient Hindu scriptures.
- According to Hindu mythology, the lake was created by Lord Brahma, one of the three main gods in Hinduism.
- The city of Pushkar, which is located near the lake, is home to the only temple in the world dedicated to Lord Brahma.

In conclusion, Pushkar Lake is located in the city of Ajmer, Rajasthan, India, and is considered to be one of the most sacred lakes in India. It is a holy site for Hindus and is believed to have been created by Lord Brahma. The lake is surrounded by 52 ghats, where pilgrims come to take a dip in the holy water.

Amritsar is in Punjab....

**Insight into the Technologies Used for Construction**

Monuments are not just mere structures; they are a reflection of the society, culture, and technological advancements of a particular era. They serve as a window into the past, providing valuable insights into the construction techniques and technologies employed by our ancestors. By studying these ancient structures, historians, archaeologists, and architects can unravel valuable information about the engineering skills, tools, and materials used in their construction. This knowledge helps us understand the evolution of construction techniques and the progress made over time.

**Building Materials**

One of the key aspects that monuments reveal is the type of building materials used during their construction. Different regions have different natural resources, and this often influenced the choice of materials. For example, ancient Egyptian monuments like the pyramids were constructed using limestone, while the Romans used concrete extensively in their architectural marvels. By understanding the materials used, we can gain insights into the availability of resources and the technological advancements made in materials science.

**Architectural Design and Engineering**

Monuments also provide valuable insights into architectural design and engineering practices of the past. The intricate carvings, the use of domes, arches, and columns, and the structural stability of these ancient structures provide evidence of the knowledge and skills possessed by ancient civilizations. For example, the Taj Mahal in India is an architectural masterpiece that showcases the use of symmetry, balance, and intricate detailing. By studying such monuments, architects and engineers can learn from the past and apply these principles in modern construction.

**Construction Techniques**

Monuments often showcase the construction techniques employed by ancient civilizations. The precision in stone-cutting, the use of mortar, the methods of laying bricks or stones, and the architectural innovations employed during construction are all evident in these structures. For instance, the construction techniques used by the Incas in Machu Picchu, such as the use of tight-fitting stones without the need for mortar, are still admired today. By studying these techniques, we can gain insights into the skills and knowledge possessed by ancient builders.

**Conclusion**

Monuments are not just symbols of architectural beauty and historical significance; they serve as valuable repositories of knowledge about the technologies and techniques used in their construction. By studying these structures, we can gain insights into the engineering skills, building materials, and construction practices of the past. This knowledge is crucial for understanding our history, preserving ancient structures, and furthering the progress in the field of architecture and engineering.

The construction of the agra fort was started around 1565 , when the initial structures were built by the mughal emperor Akbar and subsequently taken over by his grandson Shah jahan, who added most of the marble creations to the fort.

Celebration of Navaratri at Hampi

Navaratri is one of the most important festivals celebrated at Hampi. It is a nine-night festival dedicated to the worship of the Hindu goddess Durga. The festival signifies the victory of good over evil and is celebrated with great enthusiasm and devotion.

Historical Significance of Navaratri at Hampi

Hampi, located in the southern state of Karnataka, was once the capital of the Vijayanagara Empire. The empire was known for its rich cultural heritage and patronage of the arts. During the reign of the Vijayanagara kings, Navaratri was celebrated with grandeur and splendor. The festival was marked by elaborate processions, music, dance, and religious rituals. It was a time of joy and celebration for the people of Hampi.

Religious Significance of Navaratri

Navaratri is dedicated to the worship of Goddess Durga, who is the embodiment of divine power and strength. The festival is celebrated to honor and seek the blessings of the goddess. Each day of the festival is dedicated to a different form of the goddess, and prayers and rituals are performed to invoke her divine presence. The nine nights of Navaratri are believed to be a time of spiritual purification and renewal.

Celebrations during Navaratri at Hampi

During Navaratri, the entire town of Hampi comes alive with festivities. The temples are beautifully decorated with flowers and lights, and devotees throng to offer prayers and seek blessings. Colorful processions are taken out, with people dressed in traditional attire and carrying idols of the goddess. The air is filled with the sounds of devotional music and the beats of drums. Dance performances, known as Garba and Dandiya, are also organized, where people participate with great enthusiasm.

Conclusion

Navaratri is a significant festival celebrated at Hampi, which holds historical and religious importance. The festival brings people together in celebration and devotion, creating a vibrant and festive atmosphere in the town. It is a time of joy, worship, and cultural expression, and continues to be an integral part of the cultural heritage of Hampi.

Books Before and After The Gutenberg Bible. For approximately 4,500 years before Gutenberg invented the printing press, books were produced by hand. They were written on surfaces of clay, papyrus, wax, and parchment.

Option B is correct

Sultan Iltutmish won universal respect for constructing a large reservoir just outside Dehli-i kuhna. It was called the hauz-i Sultani or the 'King's Reservoir'.

B

Explanation:

During the Medieval period, the term foreigner was used to refer to people who were not a part of that particular society or culture. This could include people from other countries, regions, or even neighboring towns or villages. The term foreigner was often used to distinguish between insiders and outsiders, and to mark out those who were not considered to be a part of the community.

Factors that determined who was considered a foreigner:

1. Geographical factors - People who came from other countries or regions were often seen as foreigners. This was especially true in the medieval period, when travel and communication were much slower and more difficult than they are today.

2. Social and cultural factors - Even people who lived in the same village or town could be seen as foreigners if they belonged to a different social or cultural group. For example, people who followed a different religion or spoke a different language might be seen as foreigners, even if they lived in the same area.

3. Political factors - During times of war or conflict, people from enemy nations or regions might be seen as foreigners and treated with suspicion or hostility.

Conclusion:

Thus, during the medieval period, the term foreigner was used to refer to anyone who was seen as an outsider, whether they came from another country, spoke a different language, followed a different religion, or belonged to a different social or cultural group. The term was often used to mark out those who were not considered to be a part of the community and to distinguish between insiders and outsiders.

Introduction: The migration of forest dwellers in the 8th century was a significant event that had an impact on the history of India. It was caused by various factors that led to the gradual clearing of forests and the extension of agriculture.

Factors that led to the migration:

• Gradual clearing of forests: One of the major factors that led to the migration of forest dwellers in the 8th century was the gradual clearing of forests. As the population grew, there was a need for more land for agricultural purposes. This led to the clearing of forests, which displaced the forest dwellers.


• Extension of agriculture: Another factor that contributed to the migration was the extension of agriculture. As more land was cleared, people started to cultivate crops on a larger scale. This led to the displacement of forest dwellers who relied on the forest for their livelihood.


• Trees cut: The cutting down of trees for various purposes also contributed to the migration. Trees were cut for fuel, construction, and other purposes. This led to the depletion of forest resources, which affected the livelihood of forest dwellers.

Impact of the migration: The migration of forest dwellers had a significant impact on the history of India. It led to the displacement of a large number of people, who had to find new places to live. This migration also led to the loss of traditional knowledge and practices that were associated with forest life.

Conclusion: In conclusion, the migration of forest dwellers in the 8th century was caused by various factors, including the gradual clearing of forests, the extension of agriculture, and the cutting down of trees. This migration had a significant impact on the history of India, and it is important to understand the factors that led to it to prevent similar situations from happening in the future.

A is correct answer because Razziyya sultan was more intelligent than her brothers as her father wanted to become a sultan