All questions of Resources and Development for Class 10 Exam

Based on the availability, resources are classified as renewable, which is also called as inexhaustible resources and nonrenewable which are used up during the course of time.

The running water cuts through the clayey soils and makes deep channels known as gullies. The land becomes unfit for cultivation and is known as bad land. In the Chambal basin, such lands are called ravines. Chambal is in the state of Madhya Pradesh.

Caves, arches, stacks, and stumps are erosional features that are commonly found on a headland. Cracks are widened in the headland through the erosional processes of hydraulic action and abrasion. As the waves continue to grind away at the crack, it begins to open up to form a cave.

Biotic resources are resources or substances which are derived from the biosphere like living things and from forest and the materials derived from them.

Intensive leaching is the primary explanation for the formation of laterite soils. Owing to heavy tropical rainfall more than 200 cms and high temperatures, leaching occurs.

Bacteria and fungi carry out the decomposition of plant residues, breaking them down and holding the nutrients in their bodies; this prevents the nutrients leaching out into the soil.

All those things which are composed of non-living things are called abiotic resources. For example, rocks and metals.

Deserts soils are usually light coloured with minimal humus content due to which the plant productivity is low. Also, the water-retaining capacity is very less. However, they are rich in minerals- calcium carbonate (caliche), gypsum, and/or salts.

The major energy sources are fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum and natural gases. They are an important source of energy for modern technology. Fossil fuels are used in industry, thermal plants, agricultural operations, automobiles etc.

A glacier erodes through a process called 'plucking' in which it lifts pieces of rock and transports them. In the Himalayan region, the glacier is the major weathering agent.

Renewable resources are those which get renewed or replenished quickly, for ex- wind energy, solar energy etc.

Ploughing along the contour lines can decelerate the flow of water down the slopes. This is called contour ploughing. This is the best method to reduce soil erosion in the hilly areas.

The black soils are made up of extremely fine clayey material and develop cracks during hot weather. They are well known for their capacity to hold moisture. They are rich in soil nutrients such as calcium carbonate, potash, lime etc.

Black cotton soil, also known as regur soil, is a type of soil found in the Deccan region of India. It is characterized by its deep black color and high clay content. This soil is highly fertile and is widely used for agricultural purposes in the region.

Black cotton soil is associated with volcanic rocks in the Deccan region. Here is a detailed explanation of this association:

1. Formation of Black Cotton Soil:
- Black cotton soil is formed by the weathering of basaltic rocks that are found in the Deccan Plateau.
- The Deccan Plateau is known for its extensive volcanic activity in the past, which led to the deposition of basaltic lava flows.
- Over time, the basaltic rocks undergo chemical weathering and breakdown, forming the black cotton soil.

2. Basaltic Rocks:
- Basaltic rocks are igneous rocks that are formed from solidified lava flows.
- These rocks are typically dark-colored and have a fine-grained texture.
- Basaltic rocks are rich in minerals such as feldspar, pyroxene, and olivine.

3. Weathering of Basaltic Rocks:
- The weathering of basaltic rocks involves the breakdown of minerals and the release of clay particles.
- The clay particles are responsible for the high clay content in black cotton soil.
- The weathering process also contributes to the deep black color of the soil.

4. Characteristics of Black Cotton Soil:
- Black cotton soil has a high water holding capacity due to its clay content.
- It swells when wet and shrinks when dry, leading to the formation of deep cracks.
- These cracks can be problematic for construction and infrastructure development.
- The high clay content also makes the soil sticky and difficult to work with.

In conclusion, black cotton soil in the Deccan region is associated with volcanic rocks, specifically basaltic rocks. The weathering of these rocks over time leads to the formation of the highly fertile black cotton soil.

Natural resources are the resources that exist without action of humankind; this includes all valued characteristics such as magnetic, gravitational, electrical properties and forces etc.