All questions of People as Resource for Class 9 Exam

The correct answer is option 'A', Sarv Shiksha Abhiyan. Sarv Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) is a significant step towards providing elementary education to all children in the age group of 6-14 years. It is a flagship program of the Government of India implemented in partnership with state governments.

Below are the reasons why Sarv Shiksha Abhiyan is a significant step towards providing elementary education to all children:

1. Universalization of Elementary Education: The main objective of SSA is to achieve universalization of elementary education. It aims to provide free and compulsory education to all children in the age group of 6-14 years.

2. Infrastructure Development: SSA focuses on improving the infrastructure and facilities in schools to ensure a conducive learning environment. This includes the construction of classrooms, provision of furniture, drinking water facilities, toilets, etc.

3. Training and Capacity Building: SSA emphasizes the training and capacity building of teachers to improve the quality of education. It provides in-service training to teachers to upgrade their skills and knowledge in teaching methodologies.

4. Curriculum and Pedagogy: SSA promotes the development of a child-centric curriculum and pedagogy. It aims to make learning more interactive, engaging, and relevant to the needs of the children. This helps in enhancing the learning outcomes of students.

5. Inclusive Education: SSA focuses on providing education to marginalized and disadvantaged groups such as children with disabilities, girls, and children from economically weaker sections of society. It aims to bridge the gender and social gaps in education.

6. Mid-Day Meal Scheme: While the mid-day meal scheme is not specifically a part of SSA, it complements the program by addressing the issue of hunger and malnutrition among children. The provision of nutritious meals in schools helps in attracting and retaining children in schools, thereby promoting elementary education.

7. Community Participation: SSA emphasizes community participation in the planning, implementation, and monitoring of the program. This helps in creating a sense of ownership among the community members and ensures the effective utilization of resources.

In conclusion, Sarv Shiksha Abhiyan is a significant step towards providing elementary education to all children in the age group of 6-14 years. It strives to achieve universalization of elementary education by focusing on infrastructure development, training and capacity building of teachers, inclusive education, community participation, and improving learning outcomes.

Increase in longevity of life is an good indicator of good quality of life on the top priority but also it is marked by self-confidence of an individual. And this in turn increase his/her ability to do more work which will enhance the nation's situation on a long term and HDI ranking.
If our population is healthy , it will automatically lead to development in all sectors whether it's health, education or economy.
Hence option should be all of the above.

Explanation:

This question is related to the types of unemployment. Let's discuss the different types of unemployment and then identify the correct answer.

Types of Unemployment:

1. Seasonal Unemployment: It occurs due to the seasonal nature of work. For example, agriculture workers face unemployment during the off-season.

2. Frictional Unemployment: It occurs when workers are between jobs. It is a temporary type of unemployment.

3. Structural Unemployment: It occurs due to changes in the structure of the economy. For example, technological changes can lead to structural unemployment.

4. Cyclical Unemployment: It occurs due to fluctuations in the business cycle. During a recession, there is a high level of cyclical unemployment.

5. Disguised Unemployment: It occurs when people are employed but their contribution to the production process is minimal. For example, in agriculture, if there are more workers than required, then some of them may not be contributing much to the production process.

6. Educated Unemployment: It occurs when educated people are unable to find suitable jobs according to their qualifications.

Answer:

The persons who are not working by choice are not covered under any type of unemployment. Therefore, the correct answer is option 'D' - none of the above.

Explanation:

Rural women are often employed in low-paid jobs because of several reasons. The most significant reason is their lack of awareness of the wage structure. Some other reasons are mentioned below:

1. Lack of Education or Necessary Skills: Most rural women do not have access to quality education and training, which limits their skills and knowledge. As a result, they are not able to qualify for high-paid jobs that require specific skills and qualifications.

2. Family Pressure: In many rural areas, women are not allowed to work or pursue a career outside of their homes. Even if they are allowed to work, they are often pressured to take up low-paid jobs that are considered suitable for women, such as domestic work, childcare, or agriculture.

3. Gender Discrimination: Gender discrimination is prevalent in rural areas, and women are often paid less than men for the same job. Employers may also prefer to hire men over women, which further limits the opportunities available to women.

4. Lack of Job Opportunities: Rural areas often have limited job opportunities, and women are more likely to be employed in low-paid jobs due to the lack of options available.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, rural women are employed in low-paid jobs due to several factors, including their lack of education or necessary skills, family pressure, gender discrimination, and the limited job opportunities in rural areas. However, with increased awareness, education, and training, women can improve their skills and knowledge and pursue higher-paying jobs, contributing to their own economic empowerment and that of their families and communities.

Quality of Population

The quality of population refers to the overall health, education, and skill level of the people living in a country. It is an important factor in the economic and social development of a country. The quality of population depends on various factors, some of which are discussed below.

Factors affecting the Quality of Population

1. Literacy Rate
The literacy rate of a country is a measure of the percentage of people who can read and write. A higher literacy rate indicates a more educated population, which is important for the development of a country.

2. Health of Person
The health of a person is another important factor that affects the quality of population. A healthy population is more productive and can contribute more to the development of a country.

3. Skill Formation
Skill formation refers to the development of skills and knowledge through education and training. A population with higher levels of skill formation is more productive and can contribute more to the development of a country.

4. Birth of a Person
The birth of a person does not directly affect the quality of population. However, the population growth rate can have an impact on the quality of population if it exceeds the rate at which resources are being developed.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the quality of population depends on various factors such as literacy rate, health of a person, and skill formation. While the birth of a person does not directly affect the quality of population, population growth can have an impact on the quality of population if it exceeds the rate at which resources are being developed.

Option B is correct

Non-Economic Activity

Non-economic activities are the activities that are not related to the production and consumption of goods and services. These activities are not performed for monetary gains or profits.

Examples of Non-Economic Activities

a) Mother doing household work: The household work done by a mother is a non-economic activity as it is not performed for monetary gains. The mother performs the household work for the well-being of the family members.

b) Washerman washes clothes of people: The work done by a washerman is an economic activity as he is paid for the work done by him. He washes the clothes of people for a fee.

c) Chef cooking food in the hotel: The work done by a chef is an economic activity as he is paid for the work done by him. He cooks food for the hotel customers for a fee.

d) All of these: This option is incorrect as only option 'A' is a non-economic activity.

Conclusion

In conclusion, non-economic activities are the activities that are not performed for monetary gains or profits. The household work done by a mother is an example of a non-economic activity.

All of the above

The correct answer is option 'A' - Kerala.

Explanation:
According to a 2001 study, Kerala had the highest literacy rate among the given options. Here is a detailed explanation of why Kerala had the highest literacy rate:

1. Historical Factors:
Kerala has a long history of prioritizing education and literacy. The state's social reform movements in the early 20th century, such as the efforts by social reformers like Sree Narayana Guru and Ayyankali, played a significant role in promoting education and literacy.

2. Education System:
Kerala has a well-developed education system with a high emphasis on quality education. The state government has made significant investments in infrastructure, teacher training, and educational institutions. This has helped in improving the overall literacy rate in the state.

3. Focus on Primary Education:
Kerala has focused on providing primary education to all children, ensuring that they have a strong foundation. This focus on primary education has helped in boosting the literacy rate, as it is easier to achieve universal literacy when children receive quality education from an early age.

4. Female Literacy:
Kerala has also achieved remarkable progress in female literacy. The state has actively promoted gender equality and women's empowerment, which has resulted in higher female literacy rates compared to other states in India. This has had a positive impact on the overall literacy rate of the state.

5. Social Development:
Kerala's high literacy rate is also linked to its overall social development. The state has achieved high levels of human development indicators such as healthcare, gender equality, and access to basic amenities. These factors contribute to a conducive environment for promoting literacy.

6. Literacy Campaigns:
Kerala has conducted various literacy campaigns to eradicate illiteracy. The state government, along with non-governmental organizations, has implemented programs to reach out to marginalized sections of society and provide them with opportunities for education. These campaigns have helped in reducing the literacy gap in the state.

Overall, Kerala's high literacy rate can be attributed to its historical emphasis on education, a well-developed education system, focus on primary education, gender equality, social development, and effective literacy campaigns. These factors have contributed to making Kerala the state with the highest literacy rate as per the 2001 study.

The correct answer is option 'A', which states that infant mortality rate refers to the death of a child under the age of 1 year.

Infant mortality rate is a crucial indicator used to assess the health and well-being of a population. It specifically focuses on the number of deaths that occur during the first year of a child's life, usually expressed as a rate per 1,000 live births.

Explanation:

1. Definition of Infant Mortality Rate:
- Infant mortality rate (IMR) is defined as the number of deaths of infants under the age of one year per 1,000 live births.
- It provides insights into the health and healthcare services available to mothers and newborns in a particular area or country.

2. Age Limit:
- The age limit for infant mortality is set at one year because it is during this period that infants are most vulnerable to various health risks and complications.
- The first year of life is a critical period for infant development, and any deaths occurring during this time have significant implications for public health.

3. Importance of Infant Mortality Rate:
- Infant mortality rate is a key indicator of the overall health and well-being of a population.
- It reflects the quality of healthcare, access to healthcare services, socioeconomic conditions, and other factors that can impact infant survival.
- High infant mortality rates often indicate poor healthcare infrastructure, lack of access to quality medical care, inadequate nutrition, and other socio-economic disparities.

4. International Comparison:
- Infant mortality rates are commonly used to compare the health outcomes of different countries or regions.
- Countries with lower infant mortality rates are generally considered to have better healthcare systems and social conditions that support infant health and well-being.

In conclusion, infant mortality rate refers to the number of deaths of infants under the age of one year per 1,000 live births. It serves as an important indicator of the overall health and healthcare services available to mothers and newborns in a particular area or country.

1.Unlike any residential schools, Navodaya Vidyalay is a system of alternate schools for talented students in rural areas across India.
2.No matter from what socio-economic background the students come from, they are selected on the basis of their talent.
3. It tried to increase the level of education system of the country.

The Green Revolution increased land productivity in India by introducing improved production technologies. This innovation in agriculture, such as high-yielding varieties of seeds and advanced farming techniques, significantly boosted the productivity of land resources.

Viewing a population as a 'human resource' focuses on its potential to contribute to the Gross National Product (GNP). This perspective emphasizes how investing in education, health, and training can transform people into valuable assets for economic growth, rather than just seeing them as a burden or a problem.

Option D is correct

Advantages of Investment in Human Capital

a) Increased Earning Potential: Educated individuals are likely to earn more than uneducated persons because they possess the necessary skills and knowledge required in the workplace.

b) Increased Investment in Education: Educated parents are more likely to invest in the education of their children because they understand the value of education and the benefits it provides.

c) Japan as a Counterexample: Contrary to the statement, Japan is one of the most developed and prosperous countries in the world, and it has heavily invested in human capital. In fact, Japan has one of the highest literacy rates and educational attainment levels in the world.

d) Improved Health: Educated parents tend to be more aware of proper nutrition and hygiene practices, which can have positive effects on the health and wellbeing of their children.

Conclusion: Investing in human capital has many benefits, including increased earning potential and improved health outcomes. Contrary to the statement presented in option C, countries like Japan have demonstrated the positive impact of investing in human resources.

Primary Sector: Agriculture, Forestry and Dairy

The primary sector is the sector of the economy that is involved in the extraction and production of raw materials. It includes industries such as agriculture, forestry, fishing, mining, and oil and gas extraction. In this context, the sector that is related to agriculture, forestry, and dairy is the primary sector.

Agriculture:
Agriculture is the cultivation of land for the production of crops and/or the rearing of animals for food, fuel, and other products. It is a major component of the primary sector and is the largest employer in many developing countries.

Forestry:
Forestry is the management of forests and woodland resources. It involves the planting, maintenance, and harvesting of trees for timber and other forest products. Forestry is an important industry that contributes to the economy and provides many environmental benefits.

Dairy:
Dairy is the production of milk and milk-based products such as cheese, butter, and yogurt. It is an important industry that provides food and employment for millions of people worldwide.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the primary sector is the sector of the economy that is related to agriculture, forestry, and dairy. This sector plays an important role in the economy and provides many employment opportunities.

Lower education and skill levels:
Women are often paid less compared to men due to lower education and skill levels on average. Historically, women have faced barriers to accessing higher education and specialized training, leading to a skills gap between genders. This can result in women being relegated to lower-paying jobs or industries.

Gender stereotypes and discrimination:
Societal norms and biases can also play a role in the gender pay gap. Women are sometimes perceived as less competent or suitable for certain high-paying roles, which can impact their opportunities for advancement and higher wages. Discriminatory practices in hiring, promotion, and salary negotiations can further exacerbate the disparity in pay between men and women.

Work-life balance:
Women may also face challenges in balancing work and family responsibilities, leading them to prioritize jobs that offer flexibility or part-time hours. This can result in lower earnings compared to men who may prioritize career advancement and higher-paying positions.

Occupational segregation:
Certain industries and professions continue to be dominated by one gender, leading to segregation in the workforce. Women are often concentrated in fields that traditionally pay less, such as education, healthcare, and social services. This occupational segregation contributes to the overall gender pay gap.
In conclusion, the gender pay gap is a complex issue influenced by a combination of factors including education, discrimination, work-life balance, and occupational segregation. Addressing these underlying issues is crucial in achieving gender equality in the workforce.

A

The primary difference is that market activities are performed for pay or profit, such as producing goods or services that are sold, while non-market activities are conducted for self-consumption, like home-based tasks. Market activities contribute to national income, while non-market activities do not directly impact it.

A significant advantage of investing in human capital is that it can make use of land and physical capital, whereas physical capital alone cannot operate without human input. This means that human capital enhances the effectiveness of other resources, leading to greater overall productivity and economic growth.

The tertiary sector, also known as the service sector, is the segment of the economy that provides services to the consumers. It includes a wide range of activities such as transportation, communication, finance, healthcare, education, and hospitality. The correct answer to the question is option D, communication, as it falls under the tertiary sector. Let's understand why communication is considered a part of the tertiary sector.

Communication as a Service:
- Communication refers to the exchange of information, ideas, and messages between individuals, organizations, or entities. It plays a crucial role in our daily lives and is essential for the functioning of businesses, governments, and societies.
- In today's digital age, communication services have become an integral part of the economy, providing various means of transmitting information and facilitating interactions between people.
- Communication services include telecommunication, internet services, broadcasting, postal services, and other means of transmitting information through different mediums such as telephone, mobile networks, internet, television, radio, and mail.

Key Role in Economic Development:
- Communication services contribute significantly to economic development by enabling the flow of information and supporting various sectors of the economy.
- Businesses rely on communication services for conducting transactions, marketing their products, managing supply chains, and coordinating operations.
- Communication services also facilitate trade and commerce by connecting businesses with customers, suppliers, and partners globally.
- The availability of reliable and efficient communication infrastructure is crucial for attracting investments, promoting innovation, and fostering economic growth.

Employment Generation:
- The communication sector creates employment opportunities by providing various services and technologies.
- It requires a skilled workforce to design, develop, operate, and maintain communication networks, software, and hardware.
- This sector also generates jobs in customer service, technical support, content creation, journalism, broadcasting, and other related fields.
- Employment opportunities in the communication sector contribute to the overall employment rate and provide income-generating opportunities for individuals.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, communication is an essential part of the tertiary sector. It plays a crucial role in facilitating the exchange of information, supporting economic activities, and generating employment opportunities. The development and availability of communication services are vital for the functioning and growth of businesses, governments, and societies.

Self-consumption is a non-market activity. It refers to the production of goods or services by individuals or households for their own personal use, rather than for sale or exchange in the market. In other words, it is the act of producing or consuming goods and services for one's own immediate needs and satisfaction, without involving any monetary transactions or market exchanges.

**Understanding Self-Consumption:**

Self-consumption can be seen in various aspects of our daily lives. For example, when individuals grow their own vegetables in their backyard and consume them without selling them in the market, it is an example of self-consumption. Similarly, when households bake bread at home for their own consumption, it is another example of self-consumption.

**Characteristics of Self-Consumption:**

1. **No Market Exchange:** Self-consumption does not involve any market transactions or exchanges. The goods or services produced through self-consumption are solely intended for personal use and satisfaction.

2. **Non-Monetary:** Self-consumption does not involve the use of money. Individuals or households produce goods or services using their own resources, such as time, labor, and personal skills.

3. **Immediate Needs:** The goods or services produced through self-consumption are typically consumed immediately by the individuals or households who produce them. They are not produced with the intention of storing or selling them in the future.

**Examples of Self-Consumption:**

1. **Home Gardening:** When individuals grow fruits, vegetables, or herbs in their own gardens and consume them for personal use, it is an example of self-consumption.

2. **Home Cooking:** When households prepare meals at home using ingredients bought from the market or produced by themselves, and consume them without selling them, it is an example of self-consumption.

3. **DIY Projects:** When individuals engage in do-it-yourself projects, such as crafting, repairing, or building something for their own use, without intending to sell it, it is an example of self-consumption.

**Conclusion:**

Self-consumption is a non-market activity where individuals or households produce goods or services for their own personal use, without involving any market exchanges or monetary transactions. It is an essential aspect of our daily lives and contributes to self-sufficiency and personal satisfaction.