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All questions of Advent of Europeans And Consolidation of British Power in India for BPSC (Bihar) Exam

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Arrange the subsidized states chronologically under the subsidiary Alliance of Wellesley?
1. Hyderabad 
2. Peshwa 
3. Jaipur 
4. Bharatpur 
  • a)
    1-2-3-4
  • b)
    2-1-3-4
  • c)
    1-3-2-4
  • d)
    1-2-4-3
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Pooja Shah answered
Subsidiary Alliance of Wellesley: Subsidised States: Hyderabad (1798; 1800) Mysore (1799) Tanjore (October 1799) Awadh (November 1801) Peshwa (December 1801) Bhonsle of Berar (December 1803) Sindhia (February 1804) Jodhpur (1818) Jaipur (1818) Macheri (1818) Bundi (1818) Bharatpur (1818)

Consider the following statements regarding the society of 18 century in India. 
1. There existed a certain degree of broad cultural Unity, but people were divided by caste, religion, region, tribal and language 
2. Religious considerations kept the Sunni and Shia nobles apart
3. Choice of profession was mainly determined by caste considerations 
4. Higher class Muslims treated lower class Muslims in the same manner the higher caste Hindus treated the lower caste Hindus 
Which of these statements is/are not correct?
  • a)
    2 and 5 only
  • b)
    3 Only
  • c)
    4 Only
  • d)
    None of them
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Pooja Shah answered
  • The society of 18th century India was characterized by a traditional outlook and stagnation. Though there existed a certain degree of broad cultural unity, people were divided by caste, religion, region, tribe, and language. 
  • The family system was primarily patriarchal and caste was the central feature of the social life of the Hindus. 
  • Religious considerations not only kept the Sunni and Shia nobles apart but also the Irani, Afghan, Turani, and Hindustani Muslim nobles and officials apart from one another. 
  • The sharif Muslims consisting of nobles, scholars, priests, and army affairs often looked down upon the ajlaf Muslims or the lower class Muslims like the way the 

Consider the following statements. 
1. Lord Dalhousie annexed Awadh in 1856 after deposing Nawab Wajid Ali Shah on Grounds of misgovernance 
2. Dalhousie annexed 18 states during his 8-year tenure as governor-general 
Which of these statements is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 Only
  • b)
    2 Only
  • c)
    Both of them 
  • d)
    None of them
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Dhruba Ghoshal answered
Lord Dalhousie was the Governor-General of India from 1848 to 1856. During his tenure, he implemented several policies that had far-reaching consequences on the political, social, and economic landscape of India. One of the most controversial policies was the Doctrine of Lapse, which allowed the British East India Company to annex Indian states that did not have a natural heir to the throne.

Regarding the given statements:

1. Lord Dalhousie annexed Awadh in 1856 after deposing Nawab Wajid Ali Shah on grounds of misgovernance.

This statement is correct. Awadh was a princely state in North India that had been ruled by the Nawabs of Awadh since the 18th century. In 1856, Lord Dalhousie accused the Nawab, Wajid Ali Shah, of misgovernance and maladministration and deposed him from his throne. The British East India Company then annexed Awadh and brought it under direct British control. This move was widely criticized and sparked a rebellion against British rule in 1857.

2. Dalhousie annexed 18 states during his 8-year tenure as governor-general.

This statement is incorrect. Lord Dalhousie annexed more than 20 Indian states during his tenure as Governor-General, not just 18. Some of the notable states that were annexed include Satara, Jhansi, Nagpur, and Oudh (Awadh). The annexation of these states was done under the pretext of the Doctrine of Lapse, which was a controversial policy that was widely criticized by Indian rulers and nationalist leaders.

In conclusion, option (a) is the correct answer as only the first statement is correct. Lord Dalhousie did annex Awadh in 1856 after deposing Nawab Wajid Ali Shah on grounds of misgovernance, but he annexed more than 20 Indian states during his tenure as Governor-General, not just 18.

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R.
Assertion A: The 'Doctrine of Lapse' formulated by Governor-General Dalhousie disregarded the right of an adopted heir to the throne and the state automatically lapsed into British dominion if the ruler died without any biological natural heir.
Reason R: The Doctrine of Lapse was one part of Dalhousie's programme of bringing a unified India under strict control by doing away with alternative sovereignties held by Indian rulers and princes.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
  • a)
    Both A and R are correct and R is NOT correct explanation of A.
  • b)
    Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A. 
  • c)
    A is correct but R is not correct.
  • d)
    A is not correct but R is correct.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Sanjay Rana answered
Lord Dalhousie, as the Governor-General of India in the mid-19th century, implemented a policy known as the Doctrine of Lapse. This policy stipulated that if a ruler of an Indian state under British control passed away without a natural heir, the British East India Company would annex the state rather than allowing an adopted heir to assume the throne. This policy contradicted traditional Indian succession practices that recognized adopted heirs as legitimate successors. The Doctrine of Lapse, therefore, disregarded the rights of adopted heirs, resulting in widespread dissatisfaction among the affected populations. Dalhousie's aim with this policy was to solidify British dominance over the Indian subcontinent by undermining indigenous power structures.

Which Portuguese Governor initiated the policy of marrying with the natives of India and banned the practice of Sati in his area of influence?
  • a)
    Francisco De Almeida
  • b)
    Alfonso De Albuquerque
  • c)
    Nino De Cunha
  • d)
    None of them
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Garima Tiwari answered
Alfonso De Albuquerque, the Portuguese Governor, initiated the policy of marrying with the natives of India and banned the practice of Sati in his area of influence. Here are some details about his contributions:

Alfonso De Albuquerque:

- Alfonso De Albuquerque was a Portuguese general, admiral, and statesman, who established a Portuguese empire in the Indian Ocean with his conquests of Goa, Malacca, and Hormuz.

- He was the second governor of Portuguese India, succeeding Francisco De Almeida in 1509.

- He is known for his policies of assimilation and integration with the local population of India, which included the promotion of intermarriage between Portuguese men and Indian women.

- He also banned the practice of Sati, which was the ritual of burning widows on their husband's funeral pyre, in his area of influence.

- His policies were aimed at creating a stable and peaceful relationship between the Portuguese and the local population, and he believed that assimilation was the key to achieving this goal.

- However, his policies were not always successful, and he faced opposition from both the Portuguese authorities and the local population.

- Despite this, his contributions to Portuguese India are significant, and his legacy is still felt in the region today.

In conclusion, Alfonso De Albuquerque was the Portuguese Governor who initiated the policy of marrying with the natives of India and banned the practice of Sati in his area of influence. His policies were aimed at creating a stable and peaceful relationship between the Portuguese and the local population, and his legacy is still felt in the region today.

“Bear in mind that the commerce of India is the commerce of the world and.... He who can exclusively command it is the dictator of Europe”. It is said by?
  • a)
    Peter the Great
  • b)
    Shashi Tharoor
  • c)
    Irfan Habib
  • d)
    None of them
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Shilpa Yadav answered
Peter the Great is the correct answer.



Explanation:



The quote "Bear in mind that the commerce of India is the commerce of the world and.... He who can exclusively command it is the dictator of Europe" is attributed to Peter the Great, the Russian tsar and emperor who ruled from 1682 to 1725. This statement reflects Peter's recognition of the economic importance of India and its potential to wield significant influence over European powers.



Significance of Indian Commerce:



1. Economic Powerhouse: In the 17th and 18th centuries, India was a major center of global trade and commerce. It had a rich and diverse economy, producing valuable goods like textiles, spices, and precious metals.



2. European Competitions: European powers, including Russia, Britain, France, the Netherlands, and Portugal, were vying for control over Indian trade routes and resources. The competition among these nations led to the establishment of European trading companies, such as the British East India Company and the Dutch East India Company.



3. Indian Trade Routes: India's strategic location at the crossroads of major trade routes between Europe, Asia, and Africa made it a hub of international trade. Controlling Indian commerce meant gaining access to valuable resources and establishing dominance over global trade networks.



Implications for Europe:



1. Economic Prosperity: The control of Indian commerce offered immense economic benefits to European powers. The goods and wealth flowing from India could fuel the growth and development of European economies.



2. Geopolitical Dominance: The power to exclusively command Indian commerce would give a nation significant geopolitical leverage over its European rivals. It would allow a nation to control the flow of goods, dictate terms of trade, and exert influence over other European powers.



3. Military Strength: The empire that could dominate Indian trade would have the financial resources to build a powerful military and expand its territorial holdings. This military strength would further enhance its dominance in Europe.



In conclusion, Peter the Great's statement highlights the immense economic and geopolitical significance of Indian commerce during the 17th and 18th centuries. He recognized that whoever could control this commerce would wield considerable influence over Europe and its powers.

He was the last Mughal Emperor. The Revolt of 1857 had made a futile attempt to declare him the emperor of India. He was captured by the English and sent to Rangoon where he died in 1862. He is?
  • a)
    Shah Alam II
  • b)
    Akbar II
  • c)
    Alamgir II
  • d)
    Bahadur Shah II
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Prasad Yadav answered
**Bahadur Shah II**
Bahadur Shah II, also known as Bahadur Shah Zafar, was the last Mughal Emperor who reigned from 1837 to 1857. He was a poet, musician, and calligrapher but had little political power due to the British East India Company's control over India.
**Role in the Revolt of 1857**
During the Revolt of 1857, Bahadur Shah II was declared the Emperor of India by the rebels. He reluctantly agreed to lead the uprising against the British, but the revolt ultimately failed due to lack of coordination and British military superiority. After the revolt was suppressed, Bahadur Shah II was captured by the British.
**Exile and Death**
In 1858, Bahadur Shah II was exiled to Rangoon (in present-day Myanmar) along with his family. He lived there in captivity until his death in 1862. His death marked the end of the Mughal Empire, which had ruled India for over three centuries.
Despite his limited role as a figurehead in the Revolt of 1857, Bahadur Shah II remains a symbol of resistance against British colonialism in India. His legacy as the last Mughal Emperor and a poet continues to be remembered in Indian history and culture.

Which of the following statements is/ are correct about the status of education in the 18th century? 
1. In the 18th century, The Hindu and Muslim elementary schools were called pathshalas and Maktabs respectively 
2. Elementary education among the Hindus and Muslims was quite widespread 
3. Some of the famous centers for Urdu education to were Kasi, Nadia, and utkala 
Choose from the following options:
  • a)
    1 Only
  • b)
    1 and 2 Only
  • c)
    2 Only
  • d)
    All are Correct
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Garima Tiwari answered
Explanation:

1. Pathshalas and Maktabs:
- In the 18th century, Hindu elementary schools were known as pathshalas, while Muslim elementary schools were called Maktabs.
- These institutions were responsible for imparting basic education to children in their respective communities.

2. Widespread Elementary Education:
- Elementary education among Hindus and Muslims was indeed quite widespread during the 18th century.
- Pathshalas and Maktabs played a crucial role in providing foundational knowledge to children from various socio-economic backgrounds.

3. Famous Centers for Urdu Education:
- Some of the renowned centers for Urdu education during this period were Kasi, Nadia, and Utkala.
- These centers were instrumental in promoting the learning and dissemination of the Urdu language among the Muslim population.
Therefore, statement 1 and 2 are correct as they highlight the existence and prevalence of pathshalas and Maktabs for elementary education among Hindus and Muslims. Statement 3 is also accurate as it identifies notable centers for Urdu education in the 18th century. Hence, option B (1 and 2 only) is the correct choice.

Consider the following statements. 
1. Maharashtra, the Andhra region, and Bengal were the leaders in shipbuilding 
2. Shivaji Bhosale's Navy put up a good defense on the West Coast against the Portuguese 
Which of these statements is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 Only
  • b)
    2 Only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    None of them
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Maitri Choudhury answered
Shipbuilding in India and Shivaji Bhosale's Navy

Shipbuilding in India:
- Maharashtra, the Andhra region, and Bengal were the leaders in shipbuilding in India.
- The shipbuilding industry in India was well-developed during the ancient and medieval periods.

Shivaji Bhosale's Navy:
- Shivaji Bhosale, the founder of the Maratha Empire, established a strong naval force to protect the west coast of India against the Portuguese.
- Shivaji's Navy was successful in defeating the Portuguese several times, and he also captured several Portuguese forts along the coast.
- Shivaji's Navy was composed of both warships and merchant ships, and it played a crucial role in the Maratha Empire's expansion.

Correct answer: Both 1 and 2.

Who was the founder of the independent principality of Awadh?
  • a)
    Haider Ali
  • b)
    Murshid quli Khan
  • c)
    Nizam ul Mulk
  • d)
    Burhan ul Mulk
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Lalit Yadav answered
  • Saadat Khan was also known as Burhan ul Mulk. He founded the independent principality of Awadh. 
  • He had joined in a conspiracy against the Sayyid brothers, which resulted in his being given an increased Mansab. Later, driven out of the court, he was prompted to found a new independent state. 
  • He committed suicide due to the pressure from Nadir Shah who was demanding a huge booty from him. He was succeeded by Safdar Jung as the Nawab of Awadh.

Consider the following statements 
1. Durand agreement (1893) failed to keep peace and soon there were tribal uprisings 
2. Lord Curzon followed the policy of withdrawal and concentration 
Which of these statements is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 Only
  • b)
    2 Only
  • c)
    Both of them
  • d)
    None of them
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Sneha Sen answered
Durand Agreement (1893) and Tribal Uprisings

Durand Agreement (1893):
- The Durand Agreement was a treaty signed between Sir Mortimer Durand, a British diplomat, and Amir Abdur Rahman Khan, the ruler of Afghanistan, in 1893.
- The agreement aimed to define the border between British India and Afghanistan, known as the Durand Line.
- The Durand Line divided the Pashtun tribal areas, splitting them between British India and Afghanistan.
- The agreement was primarily driven by British strategic interests in the region, as they wanted to secure their northwestern frontier and prevent any Russian influence in Afghanistan.

Failure to Keep Peace:
- Statement 1 is correct. The Durand Agreement failed to maintain peace in the region. Soon after its signing, there were tribal uprisings against the agreement.
- The Pashtun tribes living on both sides of the Durand Line did not accept the division imposed upon them by the British.
- They viewed the agreement as an infringement on their traditional territories and felt a sense of betrayal by their own leaders who had agreed to the division.
- The tribal uprisings were primarily led by Pashtun leaders like Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, also known as Bacha Khan, who mobilized their people against the Durand Agreement.
- These uprisings posed a significant challenge to the British administration and its control over the tribal areas.

Lord Curzon's Policy:
- Statement 2 is correct. Lord Curzon, who served as the Viceroy of India from 1899 to 1905, followed a policy of withdrawal and concentration.
- Lord Curzon believed that the British Empire's resources were being spread too thin across India, and he sought to streamline and consolidate the administration.
- His policy focused on reducing the administrative burden and consolidating British control over the areas that were strategically important for the empire's defense.
- This policy included the demarcation of the Durand Line, which was part of the broader strategy of securing the northwestern frontier of India.
- Lord Curzon's policy of withdrawal and concentration aimed to strengthen British control and authority in the region.

Conclusion:
- Both statements are correct. The Durand Agreement failed to maintain peace, and there were tribal uprisings against it. Lord Curzon followed a policy of withdrawal and concentration to consolidate British control over strategically important areas, including the implementation of the Durand Line.

Which among the following were the causes for the defeat of the Marathas against the English?
1. Inept leadership 
2. Defective nature of the state 
3. Loose political set-up 
4. Inferior military system 
5. Unstable economic policy 
Choose from the following options:
  • a)
    1, 2, and 3 Only
  • b)
    1, 4.and 5 Only
  • c)
    2, 3, and 4 only
  • d)
    All are correct
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Mahi Khanna answered
The defeat of the Marathas against the English can be attributed to a combination of factors. These factors include inept leadership, the defective nature of the state, the loose political set-up, the inferior military system, and unstable economic policy.

1. Inept leadership: The Marathas had a series of weak and ineffective leaders during their conflict with the English. These leaders lacked strategic vision, failed to unite the various factions within the Maratha Empire, and were unable to effectively counter the English military tactics.

2. Defective nature of the state: The Maratha Empire was characterized by a decentralized and fragmented political structure. Power was concentrated in the hands of regional chieftains and there was a lack of central authority. This made it difficult for the Marathas to coordinate their efforts and respond effectively to the English threat.

3. Loose political set-up: The Maratha Empire had a loose political set-up, with different regions and factions vying for power and influence. This led to internal conflicts and rivalries, which weakened the Marathas and made them susceptible to the English advances.

4. Inferior military system: The Marathas had a relatively less organized and disciplined military system compared to the English. They relied heavily on guerrilla warfare and lacked the training, equipment, and tactics necessary to counter the English forces effectively.

5. Unstable economic policy: The Marathas had an unstable economic policy, which led to financial difficulties and hindered their ability to sustain their military efforts. They faced issues such as inflation, corruption, and mismanagement of resources, which further weakened their position against the English.

In conclusion, all of the above factors played a significant role in the defeat of the Marathas against the English. The combination of inept leadership, a defective state structure, a loose political set-up, an inferior military system, and an unstable economic policy ultimately led to the downfall of the Maratha Empire.

Which of the following is/are correct regarding the factors of the declining Mughal empire?
1. Weak Successors 
2. Absence of Definite law of succession 
3. Degeneration of rulers and nobles 
4. Too vast an Empire 
5. Shifting allegiance of Zamindars 
Choose from the following options:
  • a)
    1, 2, and 3 Only
  • b)
    1, 2, and 5 Only
  • c)
    1, 2, 3, and 4 only
  • d)
    All are correct
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Akshara Menon answered
Factors of the Declining Mughal Empire

Introduction:
The Mughal Empire was one of the largest and most powerful empires in the world during its peak. However, it faced a steady decline in the 18th century, leading to its eventual collapse. Several factors contributed to this decline, and they are discussed below.

Weak Successors:
One of the primary reasons for the decline of the Mughal Empire was the succession of weak rulers. After the death of Aurangzeb in 1707, the empire was ruled by a series of weak and ineffective rulers who were unable to maintain the stability and prosperity of the empire. They were more interested in their personal pleasures and neglected the affairs of the state.

Absence of Definite Law of Succession:
Another reason for the decline of the Mughal Empire was the absence of a definite law of succession. The Mughal emperors followed the principle of primogeniture, which meant that the eldest son would inherit the throne. However, this principle was not always followed, leading to disputes and conflicts over succession.

Degeneration of Rulers and Nobles:
The Mughal emperors were known for their love of luxury and extravagance, which led to a decline in their moral and political authority. The nobles, who were the backbone of the Mughal Empire, became corrupt and inefficient, leading to a decline in the administration and governance of the empire.

Too Vast an Empire:
The Mughal Empire was one of the largest empires in history, stretching from present-day Afghanistan to Bangladesh. The vastness of the empire made it difficult to govern effectively, leading to a decline in the central authority of the empire.

Shifting Allegiance of Zamindars:
The zamindars, who were the local landlords, played an important role in the governance of the Mughal Empire. However, they began to shift their allegiance from the Mughal emperors to the regional powers, leading to a decline in the authority of the central government.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, several factors contributed to the decline of the Mughal Empire, including weak successors, the absence of a definite law of succession, the degeneration of rulers and nobles, the vastness of the empire, and the shifting allegiance of zamindars. These factors led to a steady decline in the authority and power of the Mughal Empire, eventually leading to its collapse.

Consider the following statements.
1. Warren Hastings followed the policy of ring-fence which aimed at creating buffer zones to defend the company's frontiers
2. Lord Wellesley abolished the ring-fence system and introduced a policy of subsidiary alliance in its place
Which of these statements is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 Only
  • b)
    2 Only
  • c)
    Both of them
  • d)
    None of them
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Sanvi Kapoor answered
  • Warren Hastings followed a policy of ring-fence which aimed at creating buffer zones to defend the Company's frontiers. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
  • Lord Wellesley introduced the policy of subsidiary Alliance as an extension of the Ring fence system which sought to reduce Indian states into a position of dependence on the British government. Hence, statement 2nd is incorrect. 

Under the Treaty of Allahabad, Nawab Shuja Ud Daula agreed to: 
1. Surrender Allahabad and kara to English 
2. Pay rupees 50 lakh to the company as war indemnity 
3. Give Balwant Singh, the zamindar of Banaras, full possession of his estate 
Which of these statements is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 and 2 only
  • b)
    2 and 3 Only
  • c)
    1 and 3 Only
  • d)
    All of them
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Priya Mukherjee answered
The correct answer is option 'B', which states that statements 2 and 3 are correct.

Explanation:
1. Surrender Allahabad and Kara to English: This statement is incorrect. Under the Treaty of Allahabad, Nawab Shuja Ud Daula did not agree to surrender Allahabad and Kara to the English. In fact, Allahabad and Kara were already under the control of the English before the treaty was signed.

2. Pay rupees 50 lakh to the company as war indemnity: This statement is correct. As per the Treaty of Allahabad, Nawab Shuja Ud Daula agreed to pay rupees 50 lakh to the English East India Company as war indemnity. This was a significant amount of money at that time.

3. Give Balwant Singh, the zamindar of Banaras, full possession of his estate: This statement is correct. The Treaty of Allahabad also ensured that Balwant Singh, the zamindar of Banaras, would be given full possession of his estate. This was an important provision in the treaty to maintain stability and ensure the loyalty of local rulers.

In summary, under the Treaty of Allahabad, Nawab Shuja Ud Daula agreed to pay rupees 50 lakh to the English East India Company as war indemnity and give Balwant Singh, the zamindar of Banaras, full possession of his estate.

He assumed the office of the governor of Portuguese in India in 1529. He shifted the headquarters of the Portuguese government in India from Cochin to Goa. He also attempted to increase Portuguese influence in Bengal by settling many Portuguese nationals there with Hooghly as their headquarters. Which personality is being discussed?
  • a)
    Francisco De Almeida
  • b)
    Alfonso De Albuquerque
  • c)
    Nino Da Cunha
  • d)
    Pedro Alvares Cabral
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Meera Kapoor answered
  • Nino da Cunha assumed the office of the governor of Portuguese interests in India in November 1529 and almost one year later shifted the headquarters of the Portuguese government in India from Cochin to Goa. 
  • Da Cunha also attempted to increase Portuguese influence in Bengal by settling many Portuguese nationals there with Hooghly as their headquarters.

Consider the following statements:
Statement-I:
Francis de Almeida captured Goa from the ruler of Bijapur in 1510.
Statement-II:
The British East India Company gained a foothold in India in 1612 when Mughal emperor Jahangir granted the rights to establish a factory in Surat.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
  • a)
    Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II explains Statement-I
  • b)
    Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, but Statement-II does not explain Statement-I
  • c)
    Statement-I is incorrect, but Statement-II is correct
  • d)
    Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II is incorrect
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Kiran Sharma answered
Analysis of Statement-I
- Francis de Almeida was indeed a significant figure in the history of Goa.
- He captured Goa from the Sultan of Bijapur in 1510.
- This event marked the beginning of Portuguese colonial rule in India.
Analysis of Statement-II
- The British East India Company established its foothold in India in 1612.
- This was facilitated by Mughal Emperor Jahangir, who granted the rights to the Company to set up a factory in Surat.
- This event was crucial for the expansion of British influence in India.
Conclusion on the Correctness of Statements
- Both statements are factually correct:
- Statement-I: Correct - Almeida's capture of Goa is historically accurate.
- Statement-II: Correct - The grant by Jahangir is a well-documented event.
- However, the crucial aspect is the relationship between the two statements.
- Statement-II does not explain Statement-I as they refer to different historical events and contexts.
- Statement-I pertains to Portuguese expansion, while Statement-II relates to British interests in India.
Final Answer
Thus, the correct choice is option 'C': Statement-I is incorrect, but Statement-II is correct.

In the 18th century, India imported tea, sugar, and Silk from
  • a)
    Persian Gulf region
  • b)
    Arabia
  • c)
    Europe
  • d)
    China
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Prateek Shah answered
Imported Goods in 18th Century India:

Tea, sugar, and silk were some of the most popular imported goods in 18th century India. Let's explore the different regions from where India imported these goods:

From China:

India imported tea and silk from China, which were highly sought after commodities in the 18th century. Tea was first introduced to India by the British East India Company in the early 17th century, and it quickly became a popular beverage among the British and Indian elites. Silk was also imported from China, as it was considered to be of superior quality compared to Indian silk.

From Europe:

India imported a variety of goods from European countries, including textiles, spices, and luxury items such as wine and brandy. European traders established trading posts in India during the 16th and 17th centuries, and the British East India Company became the dominant European trading power in India during the 18th century.

From Arabia:

India also imported dates and other dried fruits from Arabia, which were used in cooking and as a sweet snack. The Arabian Peninsula was an important trading hub during the 18th century, and Arab traders had established trade networks throughout the Indian Ocean region.

From Persian Gulf Region:

The Persian Gulf region was also an important source of goods for India during the 18th century. India imported pearls, dates, and other luxury items from the Persian Gulf, which were highly valued by the Indian elite.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, India imported tea, sugar, and silk primarily from China during the 18th century. European countries were also a major source of imports, and India also imported goods from the Arabian Peninsula and the Persian Gulf region. These imports played an important role in shaping the economy and culture of 18th century India.

Treaty of Gandamak is associated with
  • a)
    First Anglo Sikh war
  • b)
    First Burma war
  • c)
    First Anglo-Afghan war
  • d)
    Second Anglo-Afghan war
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Anjali Desai answered
The Treaty of Gandamak is associated with the Second Anglo-Afghan War.
- **Background**: The Second Anglo-Afghan War took place from 1878 to 1880, in which the British Empire sought to extend its influence over Afghanistan. The war was triggered by concerns over Russian influence in the region and the British desire to install a more favorable ruler in Afghanistan.
- **Signing of the Treaty**: The Treaty of Gandamak was signed on May 26, 1879, between the British Raj and the Amir of Afghanistan, Yaqub Khan. The treaty followed the British capture of Kabul and the deposition of the previous Amir, Sher Ali.
- **Terms of the Treaty**: The Treaty of Gandamak established British control over Afghanistan's foreign affairs, including the right to determine the country's relations with other nations. The treaty also required Afghanistan to cede various territories and granted the British control over Afghan foreign policy.
- **Consequences**: The Treaty of Gandamak was highly unfavorable to Afghanistan and led to significant backlash from the Afghan people. This discontent ultimately culminated in the Second Anglo-Afghan War, where Afghan forces rebelled against British control.
- **Legacy**: The Treaty of Gandamak and the events surrounding the Second Anglo-Afghan War underscored the challenges of foreign intervention in Afghanistan and the difficulty of imposing external influence on the country. The treaty's repercussions continued to shape Anglo-Afghan relations in the years that followed.

Which of these statements are correct about Farrukhsiyar's Farmans?
1. The company was permitted to rent more land around Calcutta 
2. It was decreed that the coins of the company minted at Bombay was to have currency throughout the Mughal Empire 
3. The company was permitted to issue Dastaks (Passes) for transportation of goods 
Choose from the following options:
  • a)
    1 and 3 Only
  • b)
    2 and 3 Only
  • c)
    1 and 2 only
  • d)
    1, 2, and 3 only
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Shilpa Bajaj answered
Farrukhsiyar's Farmans were a series of royal edicts issued by Mughal Emperor Farrukhsiyar to the English East India Company. The correct statement about these farmans are:

1. Permission to rent more land around Calcutta: This is a correct statement. In 1717, Farrukhsiyar issued a farman that granted the English East India Company the right to rent additional land around Calcutta for business purposes.

2. Decree for coins of the company to have currency throughout the Mughal Empire: This is also a correct statement. In 1717, the emperor granted the company the right to mint coins at its Bombay mint that would be recognized and accepted as currency throughout the Mughal Empire.

3. Permission to issue Dastaks (Passes) for transportation of goods: This is also a correct statement. In 1717, Farrukhsiyar issued a farman that allowed the English East India Company to issue dastaks or passes for the transportation of goods, which would exempt them from paying tolls and other taxes.

Therefore, the correct answer is option D, which states that none of the statements are incorrect.

Consider the following statements. 
1. Treaty of Amritsar was significant for its immediate as well as potential effects 
2. It accepted the river Jhelum as the boundary line for Ranjit Singh's Dominions and the company's 
Which of these statements is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 Only
  • b)
    2 Only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Sanjay Rana answered
  • Treaty of Amritsar: Treaty of Amritsar The Treaty of Amritsar was significant for its immediate as well as potential effects. 
  • It checked one of the most cherished ambitions of Ranjit Singh to extend his rule over the entire Sikh nation by accepting the river Sutlej as the boundary line for his dominions and the Company. 

Treaty of eternal friendship is associated with?
  • a)
    Conquest of Punjab
  • b)
    Conquest of Bengal
  • c)
    Conquest of Sindh
  • d)
    None of them
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Deepak Kapoor answered
  • Treaty of Eternal Friendship: In June 1807, the alliance of Tilsit with Alexander I of Russia was joined by Napoleon Bonaparte. The alliance had as one of its conditions a combined invasion of India by the land route
  • Sindh was visited by Nicholas Smith who met the Amirs to conclude a defensive arrangement. After negotiations, the Amirs agreed to a treaty--their first-ever treaty with the English. After professing eternal friendship, both sides agreed to exclude the French from Sindh and to exchange agents at each other's court.

What was the result of the Second Anglo Sikh war? 
1. Surrender of the Sikh army and Sher Singh 
2. Annexation of Punjab 
3. Setting up of three-member board to Governor Punjab 
Choose from the following options:
  • a)
    1 and 2 only
  • b)
    2 and 3 Only
  • c)
    1 and 3 Only
  • d)
    All of them
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Vikram Kapoor answered
  • At the end of the war came: the surrender of the Sikh army and Sher Singh in 1849; 
  • the annexation of Punjab; and for his services, the Earl of Dalhousie was given the thanks of the British Parliament and promotion in the peerage, 
  • as Marquess; setting up of a three-member board to govern Punjab, comprising the Lawrence brothers (Henry and John) and Charles Mansel. 
  • In 1853 the board was nullified and Punjab was placed under a chief commissioner. John Lawrence became the first chief commissioner.

Consider the following statements: 
1. The industrial revolution reached other European Nations late and this helped England to maintain its hegemony 
2. The English learned from the Portuguese the importance of an efficient Navy and improved their fleet technologically 
3. One of the major and innovative reasons, why Britain succeeded between the mid 18th century and mid-19th century, while other European Nations fell, was that it used the Dept market to fund its wars 
Which of these statements is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 and 2 only
  • b)
    1 Only
  • c)
    1 and 3 Only
  • d)
    All are Correct
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Athul Chauhan answered
  • The industrial revolution started in England in the early 18th century. With the invention of new machines like the steam engine and the power loom, the industrial revolution helped England to maintain its hegemony. Hence, statement 1st is correct. 
  • The Royal Navy of Britain was not only the largest but it was the most advanced of its Times. In India, the British were able to defeat the Portuguese and the French due to the strong and fast movement of the naval ships, the English learn from the Portuguese the importance of an efficient Navy and improve their fleet technologically. Hence, statement 2nd is correct. 
  • The world's first Central Bank, the Bank of England, was established to sell government debt to the money market on the promise of a decent return on Britain's defeating Rival companies like France and Spain. So Britain used the Debt market to fund it. Hence, statement 3rd is also correct.

Consider the following statements:
Statement I:
The 3rd Battle of Panipat involved the Maratha and Afghan armies.
Statement II:
Sawai Jai Singh built the pink city of Jaipur and five astronomical observatories at different locations.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
  • a)
    Both Statement I and Statement II are correct, but Statement II does not explain Statement I
  • b)
    Both Statement I and Statement II are correct and Statement II explains Statement I
  • c)
    Statement I is correct, but Statement II is incorrect
  • d)
    Statement I is incorrect, but Statement II is correct
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Samarth Unni answered
Explanation:

Statement I:
- The 3rd Battle of Panipat did indeed involve the Maratha and Afghan armies. It took place on January 14, 1761, and was a significant battle in Indian history.
- The Marathas, led by Sadashivrao Bhau, faced off against the Afghan forces under Ahmad Shah Durrani, also known as Ahmad Shah Abdali.
- The battle resulted in a decisive victory for the Afghan forces, leading to heavy casualties for the Marathas and a significant setback for their empire.

Statement II:
- Sawai Jai Singh II, the ruler of Amber, built the pink city of Jaipur in the early 18th century. The city is known for its distinctive pink-colored buildings, which were painted to welcome the Prince of Wales in 1876.
- Additionally, Sawai Jai Singh II was a renowned astronomer and built five astronomical observatories, known as Jantar Mantars, at different locations in India.
- These observatories were used for measuring time, predicting eclipses, and tracking celestial bodies, showcasing Jai Singh's interest in astronomy and science.

Conclusion:
- Both Statement I and Statement II are correct, and Statement II provides additional information about Sawai Jai Singh II's achievements in architecture and astronomy.
- Therefore, the correct answer is option 'A'.

Who was the real founder of Portuguese power in the East?
  • a)
    Francisco De Almeida
  • b)
    Alfonso de Albuquerque
  • c)
    Nino da Cunha
  • d)
    Bahadur Shah of Gujarat
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Manoj Ghoshal answered
Introduction
The foundation of Portuguese power in the East was significantly influenced by several key figures. Among them, Alfonso de Albuquerque stands out as the real architect of this expansion.
Alfonso de Albuquerque's Contributions
- Strategic Vision:
- Albuquerque recognized the importance of establishing a stronghold in the Indian Ocean to control trade routes. He aimed to secure Portuguese dominance over spices and other valuable goods.
- Military Campaigns:
- He led successful military campaigns that resulted in the capture of critical territories, including Goa in 1510 and Malacca in 1511. These conquests were vital for establishing a Portuguese empire in Asia.
- Diplomatic Acumen:
- Albuquerque was adept at forming alliances with local rulers and exploiting rivalries among them. This helped him to strengthen Portuguese positions without excessive military confrontation.
- Administrative Reforms:
- He implemented effective administrative policies that facilitated trade and governance in the territories under Portuguese control, ensuring long-term stability.
Legacy of Albuquerque
- Foundation of Empire:
- His actions laid the groundwork for the Portuguese Empire in the East, making it a dominant maritime power during the 16th century.
- Cultural Exchange:
- Albuquerque’s rule encouraged cultural exchanges between Europe and Asia, influencing trade, religion, and social structures.
In conclusion, while Francisco de Almeida was the first governor and played a significant role, it was Alfonso de Albuquerque who truly established and expanded Portuguese power in the East through his military, diplomatic, and administrative strategies.

Treaty of Bassein (1802) Under the treaty, the Peshwa agreed: 
1. To surrender the city of Surat; 
2. To give up all claims for Chauth on the Nizam's dominions
3. To accept the Company's arbitration in all differences between him and the Nizam or the Gaekwad; 
4. Not to keep in his employment Europeans of any nation at war with the English 
Which of these statements is/are correct?
  • a)
    1, 2 and 3 Only
  • b)
    1, 3 and 4 Only
  • c)
    1 and 2 Only
  • d)
    All are Correct
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Aarya Pillai answered
The correct answer is option 'D' - all the statements are correct.

The Treaty of Bassein was signed in 1802 between the British East India Company and the Peshwa Baji Rao II of the Maratha Empire. It was a significant event in Indian history as it marked the beginning of British dominance over the Marathas.

Let us discuss each statement in detail:

1. To surrender the city of Surat:
- The treaty required the Peshwa to surrender the city of Surat to the British East India Company. Surat was an important trading port and its control gave the British a strategic advantage in Gujarat.

2. To give up all claims for Chauth on the Nizam's dominions:
- Chauth was a tax levied by the Marathas on territories they considered to be under their influence. The Peshwa agreed to give up all claims for Chauth on the Nizam's dominions. This meant that the Marathas would no longer collect this tax from the Nizam's territories.

3. To accept the Company's arbitration in all differences between him and the Nizam or the Gaekwad:
- The treaty stipulated that the Peshwa would accept the British East India Company's arbitration in any disputes or conflicts between him and the Nizam of Hyderabad or the Gaekwad of Baroda. This gave the British control over the resolution of conflicts between the Marathas and their neighboring powers.

4. Not to keep in his employment Europeans of any nation at war with the English:
- The Peshwa agreed not to employ Europeans from any nation that was at war with the English. This was a significant provision as it limited the Peshwa's ability to seek military assistance or alliances from European powers hostile to the British.

In conclusion, all the statements mentioned in the question are correct. The Treaty of Bassein had far-reaching consequences for the Marathas and paved the way for British control over large parts of India.

In the 18th century, Chatuspathi or Tols were the
  • a)
    Head of the village
  • b)
    Lok Adalats
  • c)
    Institutes of Higher Learning
  • d)
    Custom duties
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Maitri Choudhury answered
Chatuspathi or Tols were Institutes of Higher Learning in the 18th century. Let's understand this in detail:

- Chatuspathi or Tols were educational institutions in Bengal during the 18th century.
- They were established by the Brahmin community to impart education in subjects like Sanskrit, Hindu law, philosophy, literature, and theology.
- The word "Chatuspathi" means "four paths" or "four directions," referring to the four Vedas - Rigveda, Yajurveda, Samaveda, and Atharvaveda.
- Tols were also known as "pathshalas," which means "schools on the path or way."
- The curriculum in Tols was based on the Gurukul system of education, where students lived with their teacher and learned through discussions and debates.
- The students in Tols were mostly Brahmin boys, and their education was free of cost.
- Tols played a significant role in preserving and promoting Hindu culture and tradition during the colonial period.
- Some of the famous Tols in Bengal were Nabadwip Tol, Hariharpur Tol, and Navadvipa Tol.

In conclusion, Chatuspathi or Tols were educational institutions of higher learning in Bengal during the 18th century, where students learned subjects like Sanskrit, Hindu law, philosophy, literature, and theology. These institutions played a crucial role in preserving and promoting Hindu culture and tradition during the colonial period.

Consider the following pairs:
1. Kilich Khan - Asaf-Jah of Hyderabad
2. Safdar Jang - Founder of Awadh
3. Suraj Mal - Leader of the Jats at their zenith
4. Ranjit Singh - Founder of the Sikh kingdom
How many pairs given above are correctly matched?
  • a)
    Only one pair
  • b)
    Only two pairs
  • c)
    Only three pairs
  • d)
    All four pairs
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Tanishq Sengupta answered
Analysis of Correctly Matched Pairs:
1. Kilich Khan - Asaf-Jah of Hyderabad: Kilich Khan, also known as Nizam-ul-Mulk, was appointed as the Asaf-Jah of Hyderabad by the Mughal emperor. He was a prominent figure in the history of Hyderabad and played a significant role in the region.
2. Safdar Jang - Founder of Awadh: Safdar Jang was a noble in the Mughal court and served as the governor of Awadh. He played a crucial role in the establishment and governance of the Awadh region, making this pair correctly matched.
3. Suraj Mal - Leader of the Jats at their zenith: Suraj Mal was a powerful Jat leader who led his community to great heights during his reign. He was known for his military prowess and political acumen, making this pair correctly matched.

Analysis of Incorrectly Matched Pair:
4. Ranjit Singh - Founder of the Sikh kingdom: Ranjit Singh was not the founder of the Sikh kingdom. He was a prominent ruler of the Sikh Empire in the early 19th century but did not establish the kingdom. The Sikh kingdom was founded by Maharaja Ranjit Singh's predecessors.
Therefore, out of the four pairs given, three pairs are correctly matched, while one pair is incorrectly matched.

Consider the following statements:
1. Francisco De Almeida was appointed by the King of Portugal to consolidate the Portuguese position in India and destroy Muslim trade.
2. Nuno da Cunha shifted the headquarters of the Portuguese government in India from Cochin to Goa.
3. The Portuguese administration in India was known for its tolerant religious policies towards Muslims.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 Only
  • b)
    1 and 2 Only
  • c)
    1 and 3 Only
  • d)
    1, 2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Abhijeet Shah answered
Analysis of Statements
To determine the correctness of the statements regarding the Portuguese in India, we analyze each one:
Statement 1: Francisco De Almeida's Appointment
- Francisco De Almeida was indeed appointed by the King of Portugal as the first Viceroy of India in 1505.
- His primary objectives included consolidating Portuguese power in the region and disrupting Muslim trade routes.
Verdict: This statement is correct.
Statement 2: Nuno da Cunha's Shift of Headquarters
- Nuno da Cunha, who served as the Governor of India, did transfer the Portuguese headquarters from Cochin to Goa in 1530.
- This move was strategic, enhancing Portuguese control and influence in India.
Verdict: This statement is also correct.
Statement 3: Religious Policies Towards Muslims
- The Portuguese administration in India was not known for its religious tolerance, especially towards Muslims.
- They often imposed restrictions and were more aligned with promoting Christianity, leading to conflicts with Muslim traders and rulers.
Verdict: This statement is incorrect.
Conclusion
- The correct statements are 1 and 2, while statement 3 is false.
Correct Answer: Option 'B' (1 and 2 Only).

Consider the following pairs:
1. Francisco de Almeida - Established a factory at Calicut
2. Vasco Da Gama - Led by a Gujarati pilot named Abdul Majid
3. Francisco de Almeida - Opposed establishing a territorial empire
4. Afonso de Albuquerque - Took control of Goa
How many pairs given above are correctly matched?
  • a)
    Only one pair
  • b)
    Only two pairs
  • c)
    Only three pairs
  • d)
    All four pairs
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Ayush Yadav answered
Correctly Matched Pairs:
1. Francisco de Almeida - Established a factory at Calicut
Francisco de Almeida, the Portuguese viceroy, indeed established the first Portuguese factory in India at Calicut in 1502. This move marked the beginning of Portuguese presence in India and their trade relations with the region.
2. Vasco Da Gama - Led by a Gujarati pilot named Abdul Majid
Vasco Da Gama, the famous Portuguese explorer, was indeed led by a Gujarati pilot named Abdul Majid during his voyage to India in 1498. Abdul Majid played a crucial role in guiding Da Gama through the Indian Ocean.
3. Francisco de Almeida - Opposed establishing a territorial empire
Francisco de Almeida, despite being a powerful viceroy, was known for his opposition to the idea of establishing a territorial empire in India. He believed in focusing on trade and maintaining a network of factories rather than territorial conquests.

Incorrectly Matched Pair:
4. Afonso de Albuquerque - Took control of Goa
The pair mentioning Afonso de Albuquerque taking control of Goa is incorrect. It was actually Albuquerque who conquered Goa in 1510, not Francisco de Almeida. Albuquerque's conquest of Goa played a significant role in establishing Portuguese dominance in the region.
Therefore, out of the given pairs, three are correctly matched while one pair is incorrect. The correct answer is option 'C) Only three pairs'.

Treat of Lhasa (1904) is associated with
  • a)
    Anglo Tibetan relations
  • b)
    Anglo-Afghan relations
  • c)
    Anglo Nepalese relations
  • d)
    Anglo Bhutanese relation
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Neha Verma answered
Treaty of Lhasa (1904): Tibet would pay an indemnity of Rs 75 lakh at the rate of one lakh rupees per annum as security for payment, the Indian Government occupied the Chumbi Valley (territory between Bhutan and Sikkim) for 75 years.

According to the Treaty of Yandabo, the Government of Burma had to 
1. Pay Rupees 1 crore as war compensation 
2. Abandon claims on Assam, Cachar, and Jaintia 
3. Recognise Manipur as an independent state 
4. Negotiate a commercial treaty with Britain 
Which of these statements is/are correct?
  • a)
    1, 2, and 3 Only
  • b)
    2 and 3 Only
  • c)
    1, 3, and 4 only
  • d)
    All of them
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Priya Ahuja answered
The correct answer is option D, i.e., all of them.

The Treaty of Yandabo was signed on 24 February 1826 between the British East India Company and the Government of Burma (Myanmar) after the First Anglo-Burmese War. This treaty marked the end of the war and imposed several conditions on the Burmese government. Let's discuss each statement in detail:

1. Pay Rupees 1 crore as war compensation:
- The Treaty of Yandabo stipulated that the Burmese government had to pay a war indemnity of Rupees 1 crore to the British East India Company.
- This compensation was a significant financial burden on the already weakened Burmese economy.

2. Abandon claims on Assam, Cachar, and Jaintia:
- As per the terms of the treaty, the Burmese government had to renounce its claims on the territories of Assam, Cachar, and Jaintia.
- This meant that these regions, which were under Burmese control, would now come under British control.

3. Recognize Manipur as an independent state:
- The Treaty of Yandabo also recognized Manipur as an independent state.
- Prior to this treaty, Manipur was under Burmese suzerainty, but the treaty acknowledged its autonomy and separate political status.

4. Negotiate a commercial treaty with Britain:
- The treaty required the Burmese government to negotiate a commercial treaty with the British East India Company.
- This treaty aimed at establishing trade relations between Britain and Burma, and it would also open up Burma's markets to British goods.

In conclusion, all the given statements are correct. The Treaty of Yandabo compelled the Burmese government to pay a war indemnity, abandon claims on certain territories, recognize Manipur's independence, and negotiate a commercial treaty with Britain. These conditions were imposed to ensure British dominance in the region and to secure economic benefits for the British East India Company.

Consider the following statements:
Statement-I:
The English secured permission to set up Agra, Ahmedabad, and Broach factories.
Statement-II:
The French East India Company was reorganized as the 'Perpetual Company of the Indies' in 1720.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
  • a)
    Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II explains Statement-I
  • b)
    Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II is incorrect
  • c)
    Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, but Statement-II does not explain Statement-I
  • d)
    Statement-I is incorrect, but Statement-II is correct
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Tanishq Sengupta answered
Explanation:

Statement-I:
- The statement is incorrect. It was actually the English who secured permission to set up Agra, Ahmedabad, and Broach factories in India, not the French. These factories played a significant role in the establishment of English trade in India.

Statement-II:
- The statement is incorrect. The French East India Company was actually reorganized as the 'Company of the Indies' in 1719, not in 1720 as mentioned in the statement.

Conclusion:
- From the above explanation, it can be concluded that Statement-I is correct (regarding the English securing permission for factories) while Statement-II is incorrect (regarding the reorganization of the French East India Company).

Who was the Governor-General of India at the time of Annexation of Sindh (1843)?
  • a)
    Lord Ellenborough
  • b)
    Load Metcalfe
  • c)
    Load Hardinge I
  • d)
    Load Auckland
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Garima Tiwari answered
Lord Ellenborough was the Governor-General of India at the time of the Annexation of Sindh in 1843.

Background:
Sindh, located in present-day Pakistan, was a region ruled by various dynasties and empires throughout history. By the early 19th century, it came under the control of the Talpur Mirs, who established their rule in the region. However, the British East India Company had a growing interest in expanding its influence in the Indian subcontinent, and Sindh was seen as a strategic location due to its proximity to the Arabian Sea.

Events leading to the Annexation of Sindh:
- In 1838, an agreement was signed between the British and the Talpur Mirs, allowing the British to have commercial and military access to Sindh.
- However, by 1841, the British had become dissatisfied with the Talpur Mirs' administration and their alleged support to anti-British factions in the region.
- In 1842, Charles Napier was appointed as the British Resident in Sindh, with the intent to bring Sindh under British control.
- Napier engaged in a series of military campaigns, defeating the Talpur Mirs in the Battle of Miani and the Battle of Hyderabad in 1843.

Lord Ellenborough's Role:
Lord Ellenborough, as the Governor-General of India, was responsible for overseeing British policies and actions in the Indian subcontinent. He played a significant role in the Annexation of Sindh:
- Ellenborough supported Charles Napier's military campaigns in Sindh and approved his actions.
- He saw the annexation of Sindh as a means to secure British interests in the region, particularly in relation to trade and access to the Arabian Sea.
- Lord Ellenborough issued a proclamation in 1843, declaring the annexation of Sindh by the British East India Company.

Significance of the Annexation:
The annexation of Sindh by the British East India Company had several implications:
- It expanded British territorial control in the Indian subcontinent.
- It provided the British with a strategic location for their naval and commercial activities.
- The annexation of Sindh marked a significant step in the British colonization of the Indian subcontinent, as it further weakened indigenous rulers and paved the way for British dominance.

Consider the following statements:
  1. The Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824 required the Dutch to withdraw from their possessions in India, marking the end of their commercial presence in the region.
  2. The system of Cartazes was introduced by the British to regulate maritime trade in the Indian Ocean.
  3. The Battle of Wandiwash in 1760 was a decisive victory for the British over the French, significantly reducing French territorial claims in India.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
  • a)
    Only one
  • b)
    Only two
  • c)
    All three
  • d)
    None
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Amrutha Kapoor answered
Explanation:

Statement 1: The Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824 did not require the Dutch to withdraw from their possessions in India. Instead, it established clear territorial boundaries between British and Dutch colonies in Southeast Asia, particularly in Sumatra and Java. The Dutch retained their presence in the region after the treaty.

Statement 2: The system of Cartazes was actually introduced by the Portuguese, not the British, to regulate maritime trade in the Indian Ocean. Cartazes were permits or passes that ships had to obtain to navigate in Portuguese-controlled waters, and they also served as a form of taxation on trade.

Statement 3: The Battle of Wandiwash in 1760 was indeed a decisive victory for the British over the French. This battle significantly weakened French territorial claims in India and paved the way for British dominance in the region.
Therefore, only statement 3 is correct. The correct answer is option 'B'.

Consider the following statements:
  1. The defeat of the Dutch at the Battle of Bedara (Bedaara) in 1759 effectively ended their ambitions in India and left the English East India Company as the dominant European power in the region.
  2. The 'Golden Farman' issued by the Sultan of Golconda in 1632 granted the English East India Company significant trading privileges, including the right to trade freely in the ports of Golconda.
  3. The Battle of Plassey in 1757 was primarily between the English East India Company and the Dutch East India Company over control of Bengal.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
  • a)
    Only one
  • b)
    Only two
  • c)
    All three
  • d)
    None
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Rhea Kulkarni answered
Statement Analysis:

Statement 1:
The defeat of the Dutch at the Battle of Bedara (Bedaara) in 1759 effectively ended their ambitions in India and left the English East India Company as the dominant European power in the region.
This statement is correct. The Battle of Bedara in 1759 indeed marked the decline of Dutch influence in India, paving the way for the English East India Company to emerge as the dominant power.

Statement 2:
The Golden Farman issued by the Sultan of Golconda in 1632 granted the English East India Company significant trading privileges, including the right to trade freely in the ports of Golconda.
This statement is also correct. The Golden Farman of 1632 was a pivotal document that granted the English East India Company exclusive trading rights and other privileges in the Golconda region.

Statement 3:
The Battle of Plassey in 1757 was primarily between the English East India Company and the Dutch East India Company over control of Bengal.
This statement is incorrect. The Battle of Plassey in 1757 was fought between the English East India Company and the Nawab of Bengal, Siraj-ud-daulah, not the Dutch East India Company. This battle marked the beginning of British dominance in Bengal.
Therefore, only two of the statements provided are correct, which are statement 1 and statement 2.

Consider the following statements:
  1. Nino da Cunha shifted the Portuguese capital in India from Cochin to Goa in 1530 to strengthen Portuguese control over the Indian Ocean trade.
  2. The Battle of Hooghly in 1632 was a significant event that demonstrated the Portuguese's declining influence in the Bengal region.
  3. The Treaty of Bassein (1534) between the Portuguese and Bahadur Shah of Gujarat was instrumental in the Portuguese acquisition of several key territories along the western coast of India.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
  • a)
    Only one
  • b)
    Only two
  • c)
    All three
  • d)
    None
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Alok Saini answered
Correct Statements Explained:

Nino da Cunha shifting the Portuguese capital in India to Goa in 1530:
- This statement is correct. Nino da Cunha, the Governor of Portuguese India, indeed shifted the capital from Cochin to Goa in 1530. This move was aimed at consolidating Portuguese control over the Indian Ocean trade as Goa's strategic location provided better access and control over maritime routes.

The Battle of Hooghly in 1632 demonstrating Portuguese declining influence:
- This statement is also correct. The Battle of Hooghly in 1632 was a significant event that showcased the diminishing power of the Portuguese in the Bengal region. The defeat suffered by the Portuguese forces at the hands of the Mughals highlighted their weakening hold in the area.

The Treaty of Bassein (1534) aiding Portuguese acquisition of territories:
- This statement is incorrect. The Treaty of Bassein was actually signed in 1534 between the Portuguese and Bahadur Shah of Gujarat but it did not lead to the acquisition of territories along the western coast of India. The treaty focused on establishing trade relations and securing Portuguese commercial interests in the region.
Therefore, only statement 1 and 2 are correct, making option 'B' the correct choice.

Which among the following is not correctly matched? 
1. First Anglo Mysore war - Treaty of Madras 
2. Second Anglo Maratha war - Treaty of Salbai 
3. Fourth Anglo Mysore war - Treaty of seringapatam 
Choose among the following options.
  • a)
    1 and 2 only
  • b)
    2 and 3 Only
  • c)
    1 and 3 Only
  • d)
    None of them
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Upsc Toppers answered
  • The First Anglo Mysore War concluded with the Treaty of Madras, making the first statement correct.
  • The Second Anglo Maratha War did not result in the Treaty of Salbai; rather, the Treaty of Salbai concluded the First Anglo Maratha War.
  • The Fourth Anglo Mysore War did not end with the Treaty of Seringapatam; the Treaty of Seringapatam was associated with the Third Anglo Mysore War.
Therefore, statements 2 and 3 are incorrect.
 
 
 

Consider the following statements:
1. The Sultan of Golconda issued the 'Golden Farman' in 1632, allowing the English to trade freely in the ports of Golconda on payment of 500 pagodas a year.
2. The English factory at Surat was established in 1613 under Thomas Aldworth.
3. Sir Thomas Roe secured permission to set up factories at Agra, Ahmedabad, and Broach in 1615.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 Only
  • b)
    1 and 2 Only
  • c)
    1 and 3 Only
  • d)
    1, 2, and 3
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Tanishq Sengupta answered
Explanation:
1. The Sultan of Golconda and the 'Golden Farman'
The statement that the Sultan of Golconda issued the 'Golden Farman' in 1632 allowing the English to trade freely in the ports of Golconda on payment of 500 pagodas a year is correct. This agreement was significant for the English East India Company as it provided them with trading rights in the region.
2. Establishment of English Factory at Surat
The statement that the English factory at Surat was established in 1613 under Thomas Aldworth is also correct. Surat was one of the key trading ports on the western coast of India, and the establishment of the factory there marked the beginning of English trade in the region.
3. Sir Thomas Roe and Expansion of Factories
Sir Thomas Roe was an English diplomat who visited the Mughal court in the early 17th century. He secured permission to set up factories at Agra, Ahmedabad, and Broach in 1615. This move was crucial in expanding English trade and influence in different parts of India during that period.
Therefore, all three statements are correct, and option 'D' is the correct answer. The 'Golden Farman', establishment of the English factory at Surat, and Sir Thomas Roe's role in expanding English factories in India were all significant events in the history of English trade in India during the early 17th century.

Consider the following statements:
Statement I:
The Marathas, under the leadership of the Peshwas, uprooted the Mughal authority from Malwa and Gujarat and established their rule.
Statement II:
The states of Rohilakhand and the kingdom of the Bangash Pathans were a fallout of the Afghan migration into India.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
  • a)
    Both Statement I and Statement II are correct and Statement II explains Statement I
  • b)
    Statement I is correct, but Statement II is incorrect
  • c)
    Both Statement I and Statement II are correct, but Statement II does not explain Statement I
  • d)
    Statement I is incorrect, but Statement II is correct
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Saptarshi Banerjee answered
Statement Analysis:

Statement I:
- The Marathas, led by the Peshwas, indeed played a significant role in weakening and eventually uprooting the Mughal authority from regions like Malwa and Gujarat.
- The Marathas established their own rule in these regions, significantly diminishing the power of the Mughals.

Statement II:
- The states of Rohilakhand and the kingdom of the Bangash Pathans were indeed a consequence of the Afghan migration into India.
- The Afghans migrated into India in large numbers, leading to the establishment of various states and kingdoms by Afghan rulers.

Correct Assessment:
- Statement I is correct as the Marathas did exert their influence in regions like Malwa and Gujarat, weakening Mughal authority.
- However, Statement II is incorrect as it does not explain or relate to Statement I. The establishment of Rohilakhand and Bangash Pathans states does not directly correlate with the Maratha actions against the Mughals.
Therefore, the correct answer is Option C: Statement I is correct, but Statement II is incorrect.

Consider the following pairs:

How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?
  • a)
    Only two pair
  • b)
    Only one pairs
  • c)
    All three pairs
  • d)
    None of the pairs
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Anish answered
Alfonso de Almeida reversed the blue water policy to the policy of imperialism.
Francisco de Almeida started the blue water policy and also established Forts.
Nino da Cunha shifted capital from Cochin to Goa.

Consider the following statements:
Statement-I:
The Portuguese established military posts and settlements on the east coast at San Thome (in Chennai) and Nagapattinam (in Tamil Nadu).
Statement-II:
The Dutch founded their first factory in Masulipatnam (in Andhra) in 1605.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
  • a)
    Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II explains Statement-I
  • b)
    Statement-I is incorrect, but Statement-II is correct
  • c)
    Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II is incorrect
  • d)
    Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, but Statement-II does not explain Statement-I 
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Akshara Basak answered
Explanation:

Statement-I:
- The Portuguese did establish military posts and settlements on the east coast of India, including San Thome in Chennai and Nagapattinam in Tamil Nadu.
- These posts were part of their efforts to establish trade relations and control over the region.

Statement-II:
- The Dutch did indeed found their first factory in Masulipatnam (in Andhra) in 1605.
- This marked the beginning of Dutch presence and trade activities in India.
Therefore, in respect of the above statements, Statement-I is incorrect, but Statement-II is correct. The Portuguese did establish military posts and settlements as mentioned in Statement-I, but the Dutch founded their first factory in Masulipatnam, not the Portuguese.

Consider the following pairs:
1. Bombay given to East India Company - 1668
2. English factory established at Surat - 1616
3. Golden Farman issued by Sultan of Golconda - 1632
4. Foundation of Fort St. George in Madras - 1639
How many pairs given above are correctly matched?
  • a)
    Only one pair
  • b)
    Only two pairs
  • c)
    Only three pairs
  • d)
    All four pairs
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Poulomi Kumar answered
Analysis of Correctly Matched Pairs:
1. Bombay given to East India Company - 1668:
- This pair is correctly matched as Bombay was given to the East India Company in 1668 by King Charles II of England as part of the dowry of Catherine of Braganza.
2. English factory established at Surat - 1616:
- This pair is correctly matched as the English East India Company established its first factory in Surat in 1616, marking the beginning of English trade in India.
3. Golden Farman issued by Sultan of Golconda - 1632:
- This pair is correctly matched as the Golden Farman was issued by the Sultan of Golconda in 1632, granting the English East India Company the right to establish a factory at Armagon.

Conclusion:
Out of the four pairs given in the question, three pairs are correctly matched. These events mark significant milestones in the history of British presence and trade in India during the colonial period.

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