All questions of Haloalkanes and Haloarenes for ACT Exam

C5H11Br is only very slightly soluble in water. It is more soluble in organic solvents.

Explanation:
Optical isomers are stereoisomers that exist in two mirror-image forms that are non-superimposable on each other. They are also known as enantiomers.

a) They rotate the plane polarized light: Optical isomers have the property of rotating the plane of polarized light in opposite directions. One isomer rotates the plane of polarized light in the clockwise direction and the other in the counterclockwise direction.

b) They are superimposable on their mirror image: This statement is false. Optical isomers are non-superimposable mirror images of each other. If we try to superimpose them, they will not match perfectly.

c) They possess at least one chiral carbon atom: Optical isomers possess chiral carbon atoms. Chiral carbon atoms are those carbon atoms that are attached to four different groups or atoms.

d) They are nonsuperimposable on their mirror image: As mentioned earlier, optical isomers are non-superimposable mirror images of each other. They have the same physical and chemical properties but differ in their biological activity, as they interact differently with other chiral molecules in living organisms.

Conclusion: Optical isomers are important in fields like medicinal chemistry, where knowing the activity of each isomer can help in designing drugs that are more effective and have fewer side effects. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the properties of optical isomers.

Diazonium salt is intermediate in Sandmeyer’s reaction.

Explanation:

A dipole moment is the measure of the separation of positive and negative charges in a molecule. It is a vector quantity and has both magnitude and direction. When the molecule has a polar covalent bond, it has a dipole moment. If the bond dipoles cancel out each other, then the molecule is nonpolar, and its dipole moment is zero.

The given compounds are:

a) CCl4
b) CH3Cl
c) CHI3
d) CHCl3

Now, let's analyze each compound based on its molecular geometry and bond polarity to determine its dipole moment.

a) CCl4:

CCl4 has a tetrahedral molecular geometry with four C-Cl bonds arranged symmetrically around the central carbon atom. The C-Cl bond is polar covalent, with chlorine being more electronegative than carbon. However, due to the symmetry of the molecule, the bond dipoles cancel out each other, resulting in a net dipole moment of zero. Therefore, CCl4 has zero dipole moment.

b) CH3Cl:

CH3Cl has a trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry with three C-H bonds and one C-Cl bond. The C-Cl bond is polar covalent, with chlorine being more electronegative than carbon. The three C-H bonds are also polar covalent, with carbon being more electronegative than hydrogen. However, due to the asymmetrical arrangement of the bonds, the bond dipoles do not cancel out each other, resulting in a net dipole moment. Therefore, CH3Cl has a dipole moment.

c) CHI3:

CHI3 has a tetrahedral molecular geometry with three I-H bonds and one I-C bond. The I-C bond is polar covalent, with iodine being more electronegative than carbon. The three I-H bonds are also polar covalent, with iodine being more electronegative than hydrogen. However, due to the symmetry of the molecule, the bond dipoles cancel out each other, resulting in a net dipole moment of zero. Therefore, CHI3 has zero dipole moment.

d) CHCl3:

CHCl3 has a tetrahedral molecular geometry with three C-H bonds and one C-Cl bond. The C-Cl bond is polar covalent, with chlorine being more electronegative than carbon. The three C-H bonds are also polar covalent, with carbon being more electronegative than hydrogen. However, due to the asymmetrical arrangement of the bonds, the bond dipoles do not cancel out each other, resulting in a net dipole moment. Therefore, CHCl3 has a dipole moment.

Conclusion:

Among the given compounds, CCl4 has zero dipole moment because the bond dipoles cancel out each other due to the symmetrical arrangement of the bonds around the central atom.

Precipitation Reaction

A precipitation reaction is a chemical reaction that produces a precipitate, which is an insoluble solid that forms from the reaction of two soluble compounds.

AgNO3 Solution

AgNO3 is a soluble salt that dissociates to give Ag+ and NO3- ions in an aqueous solution.

Likely Precipitate

A compound is likely to give a precipitate with AgNO3 solution if it contains Cl- ions, as AgCl is insoluble in water and will form a white precipitate.

Analysis of Options

a) CHCl3
CHCl3 does not contain Cl- ions and will not give a precipitate with AgNO3 solution.

b) (CH3)3CCl
(CH3)3CCl contains Cl- ions and will give a precipitate with AgNO3 solution.

c) CH2=CH-Cl
CH2=CH-Cl does not contain Cl- ions and will not give a precipitate with AgNO3 solution.

d) CCl4
CCl4 does not contain Cl- ions and will not give a precipitate with AgNO3 solution.

Conclusion

Out of the given options, only (CH3)3CCl contains Cl- ions and will give a precipitate with AgNO3 solution, making option 'B' the correct answer.

The antiseptic properties of iodoform is due to liberation of iodine.

In presence of uv light free radical mechanism takes place that is homolytic cleavage of covalent bond takes place. Carbocation and carbanion and diazonium ion forms when heterolytic cleavage of bond takes place.

Just a name to be remembered ,nothing to be explained

Follows markonikoff rule where the negative group of the compound attaches to the double bond carbon having less no.of hydrogen.

**Explanation:**

The IUPAC name of chloroform is trichloromethane. Let's break down the name and understand why it is called trichloromethane.

**1. Basic Structure:**
The basic structure of chloroform consists of a single carbon atom bonded to three chlorine atoms and one hydrogen atom. This can be represented as CHCl3.

**2. Naming Rules:**
According to the IUPAC naming rules for organic compounds, the longest carbon chain in the structure should be identified. In the case of chloroform, there is only one carbon atom, so the longest chain is just one carbon long.

**3. Naming Prefixes:**
The prefixes used in IUPAC nomenclature indicate the number of substituents attached to the main carbon chain. Here, the prefix "tri-" is used because there are three chlorine atoms attached to the carbon atom.

**4. Naming Suffix:**
The suffix in the IUPAC name indicates the functional group present in the compound. Since chloroform contains a single carbon atom bonded to three chlorine atoms, it is classified as a halomethane. Therefore, the suffix used is "-ane."

**Putting it all together:**
Based on the above rules, the IUPAC name for chloroform is trichloromethane. The prefix "tri-" indicates the presence of three chlorine substituents, and the suffix "-ane" indicates that it is a halomethane compound.

Therefore, the correct answer is option **B) Trichloromethane**.

In presence of HBr and peroxide anti markonikov's addition in supported. Hence 1-bromopropane will we major product

• Swarts reaction is commonly used for the manufacture of freons (chlorofluorocarbons, CFCs), where halogen atoms in a molecule are replaced by fluorine atoms using antimony trifluoride (SbF3) or similar reagents.
• Wurtz reaction: Typically used to couple two alkyl halides to form a longer carbon chain.
• Sandmeyer reaction: Used for the substitution of an aryl diazonium salt with a halogen or other group.
• Fittig reaction: Used to couple aryl halides to form biaryls.

Chloroform, or trichloromethane, is an organic compound with formula CHCl3. It is a colorless, sweet-smelling, dense liquid that is produced on a large scale as a precursor to PTFE. It is also a precursor to various refrigerants. It is one of the four chloromethanes and a trihalomethane. It is a powerful anesthetic, euphoriant, anxiolytic and sedative when inhaled or ingested.

SN2 reaction means this will be applicable for primary or 1 degree carbon atom and attack by the reagent is forwarded so on doing mechanism we getted that CH3 carry + charge & Br get - charge so acetyl group that have negative charge goes on methyl group & Br react with electronic species

As we know, ozone layer is present in the upper layer of atmosphere i.e. troposphere which acts as a shield to protect us from uv rays...but due to more and more production of cfcs ozone is depleting due to which it is believed that the amount of uv rays is increasing

In Swarts’ reaction, heavy metal fluorides are used as reagents. It is a reaction in which alkyl fluorides are formed when alkyl bromide or chloride reacts with metal fluorides. In the reaction, higher alkyl halide(R-Cl) react with lower metal halide (AgF) to form lower alkyl halide(R-F). If we don’t use heavy metal fluoride F ion cannot displace Cl/Br. The reaction will not occur or it may form some other compound.

In dehydrohalogenation reactions the preferred product is that alkene which has the greatest number of alkyl groups attached to the doubly bonded carbon atoms. This rule is also known as Saytzeff’s rule.