All questions of Acids, Bases & Salts for JAMB Exam

Some of the natural indicators are red cabbage juice, onion paste, turmeric, lemon juice etc. Natural indicators are turmric,litmus,china rose etc are some natural indicators. Some Natural Indicators are red Cabbage juice,turmeric,china rose[hibiscus] and litmus.

Lemon juice is acidic, so when tested with China rose indicator, it will turn dark pink (magenta). This color change indicates the acidic nature of the solution, as China rose turns acidic solutions to dark pink.

Actually tomato contains oxalic acid.
tamarind contains tartaric acid
phosphoric is used for fertilizers, detergents and soft drinks
lactic acid is produced when you do exercises i.e the muscle cells and red blood cells produces lactic acid
so we can conclude that oxalic acid is present in tomato

H+ concentration increases which makes the reaction to proceed through reverse direction due to which acetic acid concentration increases.

Distilled water is neutral, with a pH of around 7. It does not change the color of either blue or red litmus paper, which signifies its neutral nature.

In a neutralization reaction, an acid reacts with a base to form salt and water. This process is characterized by the combination of H⁺ ions from the acid and OH⁻ ions from the base to form water (H₂O), and the remaining ions form a salt.

When the value of Kc is very small, it indicates that the equilibrium position of the reaction lies towards the left side, meaning that the concentration of the reactants is relatively high compared to the concentration of the products.

Let's understand this in detail:

Equilibrium Constant (Kc):
The equilibrium constant, Kc, is a measure of the extent of a chemical reaction at equilibrium. It is defined as the ratio of the product concentrations to the reactant concentrations, each raised to their respective stoichiometric coefficients, at equilibrium, with each concentration term raised to the power equal to its stoichiometric coefficient in the balanced chemical equation.

Kc = [Products]^n / [Reactants]^m

Where [Products] and [Reactants] represent the concentrations of the products and reactants at equilibrium, respectively, and n and m are the stoichiometric coefficients of the products and reactants, respectively.

Interpretation of a Very Small Kc Value:
When the value of Kc is very small, it means that the numerator (concentration of products) is much smaller compared to the denominator (concentration of reactants).

This implies that the concentration of the reactants is significantly higher than the concentration of the products at equilibrium.

Explanation of Correct Answer (Option B):
The correct answer, "reactant conc. is maximum," indicates that when the value of Kc is very small, the concentration of the reactants is at its maximum.

This is because the equilibrium position favors the reactants, and the reaction is not proceeding significantly towards the product side. As a result, the concentration of the reactants remains high, while the concentration of the products is relatively low.

In other words, the reaction is not proceeding to a significant extent, and the reactants are dominant in the equilibrium mixture.

Therefore, when the value of Kc is very small, it signifies that the reaction is at the start, and the concentration of the reactants is maximum.

A mixture of weak base and its salt with a strong acid serves as an basic buffer which resists changes in pH upon addition of small amount of acid or base.

Acidic buffer solution contains equimolar quantities of a weak acid and its salt with strong base. For example: an acetic acid, CH3COOH and sodium acetate I.e. CH3COONa. Basic buffer solution contains equimolar quantities of a weak base and its salt with strong acid.