All questions of Modern for Bank Exams Exam

The correct answer is option 'D' - Neither 1 nor 2.

1. Jinnah and Ambedkar attended all the three Round table conferences.
This statement is incorrect. While Jinnah did attend all the three Round Table Conferences, Ambedkar did not attend the first Round Table Conference in 1930. He attended the second and third Round Table Conferences in 1931 and 1932 respectively. Ambedkar played a significant role in the framing of the Indian Constitution and was one of the principal architects of the Constitution of India.

2. Jawaharlal Nehru was the first satyagrahi identified by Gandhi for the individual satyagraha.
This statement is also incorrect. The individual satyagraha was a part of the Civil Disobedience Movement launched by Mahatma Gandhi in 1940. It aimed to protest against the British government's decision to involve India in World War II without consulting Indian leaders. Jawaharlal Nehru was not the first satyagrahi identified by Gandhi for the individual satyagraha. The first satyagrahi selected by Gandhi for the individual satyagraha was Vinoba Bhave, a social reformer and disciple of Gandhi. Nehru himself participated in the individual satyagraha later, but he was not the first satyagrahi.

In conclusion, both statements given in the question are incorrect. Jinnah and Ambedkar did not attend all the three Round Table Conferences, and Nehru was not the first satyagrahi identified by Gandhi for the individual satyagraha.

Dalit leaders during the Freedom movement believed in the principles of justice, equality, and freedom for all. They aimed to challenge the oppressive caste system and fight for the rights and upliftment of Dalits, who were considered the lowest social group in Indian society.

Dalit leaders like Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, Jyotirao Phule, and Periyar E.V. Ramasamy believed that political independence from British rule alone would not solve the deep-rooted social issues faced by Dalits. They advocated for social and economic reforms to address the discrimination and oppression faced by Dalits.

These leaders called for the annihilation of caste and the establishment of a society based on equality, where all individuals, regardless of their caste, would have access to education, employment, and social dignity. They criticized the upper-caste dominance in society and sought to challenge the Brahminical hegemony.

Dalit leaders actively participated in the Freedom movement and mobilized Dalit communities to fight for their rights. They organized Dalit conferences, founded political parties, and demanded reserved seats in legislatures to ensure political representation for Dalits.

They also emphasized the need for land reforms, as Dalits were mostly landless agricultural laborers and faced exploitation by upper-caste landlords. Dalit leaders believed that land redistribution and economic empowerment were essential for the upliftment of Dalits and the eradication of caste-based discrimination.

Overall, Dalit leaders during the Freedom movement were driven by a vision of a just and equal society, where no individual would be discriminated against based on their caste. They played a crucial role in shaping the social and political landscape of India and continue to inspire the Dalit movement for social justice and equality.

**The Red Shirts movement was launched by Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan**

The Red Shirts movement was a political movement launched by Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan, also known as Badshah Khan, in the early 1930s. Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan was a prominent leader in the Indian independence movement and a close associate of Mahatma Gandhi. He was a follower of Gandhi's principles of non-violence and believed in the power of peaceful resistance to bring about political change.

**Background of the Red Shirts Movement**

The Red Shirts movement was primarily aimed at mobilizing the Pashtun population in the North-West Frontier Province (now Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) of British India, which is now a part of Pakistan. The Pashtuns, who are predominantly Muslim, were facing various challenges under the British colonial rule, including economic exploitation and political marginalization.

**Objectives of the Red Shirts Movement**

The Red Shirts movement had several objectives:

1. Political Mobilization: The movement aimed to mobilize the Pashtun population and raise political awareness among them. Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan believed that by organizing the people, they could collectively challenge the oppressive policies of the British government.

2. Non-violence and Civil Disobedience: The Red Shirts movement followed the principles of non-violence and civil disobedience, similar to the larger Indian independence movement led by Mahatma Gandhi. Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan believed that through peaceful resistance, they could achieve their goals and bring about social and political change.

3. Education and Social Reform: Along with political mobilization, the Red Shirts movement also focused on education and social reform. Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan established schools and educational institutions to provide education to the Pashtun population and promote social welfare.

**Impact and Legacy of the Red Shirts Movement**

The Red Shirts movement had a significant impact on the Pashtun society and the larger Indian independence movement. It inspired and mobilized thousands of Pashtuns to actively participate in the struggle for independence. The movement also played a crucial role in promoting non-violence and communal harmony in a region marked by ethnic and religious tensions.

Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan's Red Shirts movement remains an important chapter in the history of the Indian independence movement and serves as a reminder of the power of peaceful resistance in the face of oppression. His efforts in mobilizing the Pashtun population and promoting education and social reform continue to inspire generations in the region.

The person who announced a particular event or news can vary depending on the context.

Some important aspects of these resolutions were:

• Basic civil rights of freedom of speech, Freedom of Press, Freedom of Assembly, Freedom of Association, Equality before Law.
• Elections based on Universal Adult Franchise.
• Free and compulsory primary education.
• Substantial reduction in rent and taxes.
• Better conditions for workers, including a living wage, limited hours of work.
• Protection of women and peasants Government ownership or control of key industries, mines, and transport, Protection of Minorities.

The correct answer is option A: 1, 2, and 3.

Explanation:
The Karachi session of the Indian National Congress, held in 1931, was an important event in the Indian freedom struggle. It had significant outcomes and endorsed the following:

1. Endorsement of the Delhi Pact: The Delhi Pact was a historic agreement signed between Mahatma Gandhi, representing the Indian National Congress, and Lord Irwin, the Viceroy of India, in March 1931. It aimed at resolving certain key issues and marked a significant step towards the attainment of Swaraj (self-rule). The Karachi session of the Congress endorsed the Delhi Pact, thereby reaffirming its commitment to the agreement.

2. Reiteration of the goal of purna swaraj: Purna Swaraj, meaning complete independence, was the ultimate goal of the Indian National Congress. The Karachi session reiterated this goal, emphasizing the Congress's determination to achieve full self-rule for India.

3. Adoption of resolutions on Fundamental Rights and National Economic Programme: The Karachi session saw the adoption of two important resolutions. The first resolution focused on Fundamental Rights, highlighting the Congress's commitment to safeguarding the basic rights and liberties of the Indian people. The second resolution dealt with the National Economic Programme, addressing issues related to economic development, agrarian reforms, industrialization, and equitable distribution of wealth.

These resolutions were significant as they reflected the Congress's comprehensive vision for an independent India, encompassing both political and socio-economic aspects.

In conclusion, the Karachi session of the Congress in 1931 was important because it endorsed the Delhi Pact, reiterated the goal of purna swaraj, and adopted resolutions on Fundamental Rights and the National Economic Programme. These outcomes demonstrated the Congress's unity, determination, and commitment towards achieving independence for India.

**Explanation:**

The Dandi March, also known as the Salt March or Salt Satyagraha, was a significant event in the Indian independence movement led by Mahatma Gandhi. It was launched against the British Raj in India, specifically targeting the state monopoly on the manufacture and sale of salt, as well as the exorbitantly high salt tax imposed by the British government.

**1. State monopoly on manufacture and sale of salt:**
- The British Raj in India had established a state monopoly on the manufacture and sale of salt, which meant that only the government had the authority to produce and distribute salt.
- This monopoly allowed the British government to control the production and pricing of salt, limiting access to this essential commodity for the Indian population.
- The state monopoly on salt was seen as a symbol of British economic exploitation and domination over India, as it deprived Indians of their right to produce and trade salt freely.

**2. Exorbitantly high salt tax:**
- In addition to the state monopoly, the British government imposed an exorbitantly high salt tax on the Indian population.
- The salt tax was a significant burden on the poor and marginalized sections of society, who were heavily dependent on salt for their dietary needs.
- The high tax on salt made it unaffordable for many Indians, exacerbating their poverty and suffering.
- The imposition of such a high tax on an essential commodity like salt was seen as an unjust and oppressive measure by the British government.

**Both 1 and 2 are correct:**
- The Dandi March was launched to challenge and protest against both the state monopoly on the manufacture and sale of salt and the exorbitantly high salt tax imposed by the British government.
- Mahatma Gandhi and his followers marched for over 240 miles from Sabarmati Ashram to the coastal village of Dandi in Gujarat, where they would produce salt in defiance of the British monopoly and tax laws.
- The act of making salt on the shores of Dandi was a symbolic gesture of non-violent civil disobedience, aiming to mobilize the Indian population and draw attention to the unjust practices of the British government.
- The Dandi March played a crucial role in galvanizing the Indian independence movement and raising awareness about the need for self-reliance and freedom from British economic exploitation.

Therefore, both statements 1 and 2 are correct, and the correct answer is option C.

Lord Lytton to strengthen the financial power took many steps like

• encourage the provinces in collecting the revenue.
• Abolished many import duty and supported free trade policy for the British.
• He also introduced the Statutory Civil Service exclusively for Indians, which was later abolished.

Explanation:
The Civil Disobedience Movement was a significant milestone in India's struggle for independence. Let's analyze each statement to understand the correct answer.

Statement 1: The movement officially was not approved by Congress before its launch.
This statement is true. The Civil Disobedience Movement, also known as the Salt Satyagraha, was launched by Mahatma Gandhi on 12th March 1930. However, it was not officially approved by the Indian National Congress before its launch. Gandhi initiated the movement as an individual act of civil disobedience, later gaining support from the Congress.

Statement 2: 26th January as Independence Day all over the country was decided during the Civil Disobedience Movement.
This statement is false. The decision to celebrate 26th January as Independence Day all over the country was not made during the Civil Disobedience Movement. It was on 26th January 1930, during the Lahore Session of the Indian National Congress, that the resolution for complete independence (Purna Swaraj) was adopted. However, the actual independence was achieved on 15th August 1947.

Statement 3: All the Round Table Conferences between the British government and Indian leaders followed only after this movement.
This statement is true. The Civil Disobedience Movement played a significant role in shaping the subsequent events, including the Round Table Conferences. The First Round Table Conference was held in November 1930, after the launch of the movement. The British government initiated these conferences to discuss constitutional reforms and address Indian demands.

Statement 4: The movement was withdrawn because of violence.
This statement is false. The Civil Disobedience Movement was not withdrawn because of violence. The movement continued for almost a year, with widespread civil disobedience activities like the Salt March, boycott of British goods, and non-payment of taxes. It was eventually called off in April 1931 after the Gandhi-Irwin Pact, which was signed to end the movement peacefully.

To summarize, the correct answer is option 'C' (2 and 3 only). The Civil Disobedience Movement was not approved by Congress before its launch, and it led to the subsequent Round Table Conferences between the British government and Indian leaders. However, the decision to celebrate 26th January as Independence Day was not made during this movement, and the movement was not withdrawn because of violence.

Gandhi’s arrest came on May 4, 1930, when he had announced that he would lead a raid on Dharasana Salt Works on the west coast. Massive protests followed Gandhi’s arrest in Bombay, Delhi, Calcutta, and Sholapur, where the response was the most fierce. After Gandhi’s arrest, the CWC sanctioned:

• non-payment of revenue in ryotwari areas;
• a no-chowkidari-tax campaign in zamindari areas; and
• violation of forest laws in the Central Provinces.

Salient features of this act were as follows:

• Congress would participate in the Round Table Conference.
• Congress would discontinue the Civil Disobedience Movement.
• The Government would withdraw all ordinances issued to curb the Congress.
• The Government would withdraw all prosecutions relating to offences other than a violent one.
• The Government would release all persons undergoing sentences of imprisonment for their activities in the civil disobedience movement.
• Manufacture of salt by Indians will be allowed.