CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12

• NEET Physics




• Physical World and Measurement: Scope and excitement of physics, physics as a discipline, scientific and technological developments, units and measurements.


• Kinematics: Frame of reference, motion in a straight line, position-time graph, speed and velocity, relative velocity, uniform and non-uniform motion.


• Laws of Motion: Intuitive concept of force, Newton's laws of motion, inertia, momentum, friction, application of Newton's laws of motion.


• Work, Energy and Power: Work done by a constant force and a variable force, kinetic energy and work-energy theorem, power.


• Motion of System of Particles and Rigid Body: Centre of mass of a two-particle system, momentum conservation and centre of mass motion, equations of motion of rigid body about a fixed axis, moment of inertia, radius of gyration, parallel and perpendicular axes theorems, rotational kinetic energy, torque and angular momentum, conservation of angular momentum, rolling motion.


• Gravitation: Universal law of gravitation, acceleration due to gravity and its variation with altitude and depth.


• Properties of Bulk Matter: Elastic behavior, stress-strain relationship, Hooke's law, Young's modulus, bulk modulus, shear modulus of rigidity, fluids, pressure, Pascal's law, Archimedes' principle, Bernoulli's equation, surface energy and surface tension, capillary rise, viscosity, Stokes' law, streamline and turbulent flow, Reynolds number.


• Thermodynamics: Thermal equilibrium, zeroth law of thermodynamics, concept of temperature, heat, work and internal energy, first law of thermodynamics, specific heat capacity, calorimetry, latent heat, heat transfer.


• Behaviour of Perfect Gases and Kinetic Theory: Equation of state of a perfect gas, work done on compressing a gas, concept of absolute temperature, kinetic theory of gases, law of equipartition of energy, mean free path, Avogadro's number.


• Oscillations and Waves: Periodic motion, simple harmonic motion (S.H.M.) and its equation, energy in S.H.M., oscillations of a spring, simple pendulum, wave motion, types of waves, longitudinal and transverse waves, superposition principle, reflection, refraction, standing waves in strings and organ pipes, fundamental mode and harmonics, beats, Doppler effect.






• NEET Chemistry




• Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry: Matter and its nature, Dalton's atomic theory, concept of atom, molecule, element and compound, physical quantities and their measurements in chemistry, precision and accuracy, significant figures, chemical reactions, stoichiometry and calculations based on stoichiometry.


• Structure of Atom: Discovery of electron, proton and neutron, atomic number, isotopes and isobars, Thomson's model and its limitations, Rutherford's model and its limitations, Bohr's model and its limitations, concept of shells and subshells, dual nature of matter and light, de Broglie's relationship, Heisenberg uncertainty principle, concept of orbitals, quantum numbers, shapes of s, p and d orbitals, rules for filling electrons in orbitals - Aufbau principle, Pauli's exclusion principle and Hund's rule, electronic configuration of atoms, stability of half-filled and completely filled orbitals.


• Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties: Need for classification, Modern periodic table, gradation in properties, valency, atomic size, metallic and non-metallic properties.


• Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure: Kossel - Lewis approach to chemical bonding, ionic bond, covalent bond, bond parameters, Lewis structure, polar character of covalent bond, valence bond theory, resonance, geometry of molecules, VSEPR theory, concept of hybridization, involving s, p and d orbitals and shapes of some simple molecules, molecular orbital theory of homonuclear diatomic molecules (qualitative idea only), hydrogen bond.


• States of Matter: Gases and Liquids: Three states of matter, intermolecular interactions, types of bonding, melting and boiling points, role of gas laws of elucidating the concept of the molecule, Boyle's law, Charles' law, Gay Lussac's law, Avogadro's law, ideal behaviour, empirical derivation of gas equation, Avogadro's number, ideal gas equation, deviation from ideal behaviour, liquefaction of gases, critical temperature, kinetic energy and molecular speeds (elementary idea), Liquid State: vapour pressure, viscosity and surface tension (qualitative idea only, no mathematical derivations).


• Chemical Thermodynamics: Concepts of system, types of systems, surroundings, work, heat, energy, extensive and intensive properties, state functions, first law of thermodynamics, heat capacity, molar heat capacity, calorimetry, second law of thermodynamics, Spontaneity of processes, entropy as a state function, Gibbs energy change for spontaneous and non-spontaneous processes, criteria for equilibrium.


• Equilibrium: Equilibrium in physical and chemical processes, dynamic nature of equilibrium, law of mass action, equilibrium constant, factors affecting equilibrium, Le Chatelier's principle, ionic equilibrium, ionization of acids and bases, strong and weak electrolytes, degree of ionization, ionization of polybasic acids, acid strength, concept of pH, buffer solution, Henderson equation, solubility product, common ion effect (with illustrative examples).


• Redox Reactions: Concept of oxidation and reduction, redox reactions, oxidation number, balancing redox reactions in terms of loss and gain of electron and change in oxidation number, applications of redox reactions.


• Hydrogen: Position of hydrogen in periodic table, occurrence, isotopes, preparation, properties and uses of hydrogen, hydrides - ionic, covalent and interstitial, physical and chemical properties of water, heavy water, hydrogen peroxide - preparation, reactions and structure, hydrogen as a fuel.


• S-Block Elements (Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals): Group 1 and Group 2 Elements


• P-Block Elements: Group 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 Elements


• d- and f- Block Elements: Transition Elements, Lanthanides and Actinides


• Co-ordination Compounds: Introduction to co-ordination compounds, Werner's theory, ligands, co-ordination number, denticity, chelation, IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear co-ordination compounds, isomerism, bonding, stability of co-ordination compounds, importance of co-ordination compounds (in qualitative analysis, extraction of metals and biological system).


• Environmental Chemistry: Environmental pollution - air, water and soil pollution, chemical reactions in atmosphere, smog, major atmospheric pollutants, acid rain, ozone and its reactions, effects of depletion of ozone layer, greenhouse effect and global warming - pollution due to industrial wastes, green chemistry as an alternative tool for reducing pollution, strategy for control of environmental pollution.


• Organic Chemistry: Some basic principles and techniques, general introduction, methods of purification, qualitative and quantitative analysis, classification and IUPAC nomenclature of organic compounds, electronic displacement in a covalent bond - inductive effect, electromeric effect, resonance and hyperconjugation, homolytic and heterolytic fission of a covalent bond - free radicals, carbocations, carbanions, electrophiles and nucleophiles, types of organic reactions, general introduction to mechanisms of organic reactions, hydrocarbons - classification, isomerism, general methods of preparation, properties and reactions, alkanes, alkenes and alkynes.






• NEET Mathematics




• Sets, Relations and Functions: Sets and their representation, Union, intersection and complement of sets and their algebraic properties, Power set, Relation, Types of relations, Equivalence relations, Functions, One-one, into and onto functions, Composite functions, Inverse of a function.


• Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations: Complex numbers as ordered pairs of reals, Representation of complex numbers in the form a+ib and their representation in a plane, Argand diagram, Algebra of complex numbers, Modulus and argument (or amplitude) of a complex number, Square root of a complex number, Triangle inequality, Quadratic equations in real and complex number system and their solutions.


• Matrices and Determinants: Matrices, Algebra of matrices, Types of matrices, Determinant of a matrix, Basic properties of determinants, Adjoint and inverse of a square matrix, Applications of determinants in finding the area of a triangle.


• Permutations and Combinations: Fundamental principle of counting, Permutations as an arrangement and combination as selection, Meaning of P(n,r) and C(n,r), Simple applications.


• Mathematical Induction: Process of the proof by induction, motivating the application of the method by looking at natural numbers as the least inductive subset of real numbers, the principle of mathematical induction and simple applications.


• Binomial Theorem and Its Simple Applications: Binomial theorem for a positive integral index, general term, middle term, properties of binomial coefficients and simple applications.


• Sequences and Series: Arithmetic Progression (A.P.), Arithmetic Mean (A.M.), Geometric Progression (G.P.), general term of a G.P., Sum of n terms of a G.P., Infinite G.P. and its sum, Arithmetic-Geometric Series (A.G.S.), Sum of n terms of a finite A.P., Sum of n terms of a G.P. and infinite G.P. and their sums.


• Trigonometric Functions: Positive and negative angles, Measuring angles in radians and in degrees and conversion between them, Definition of trigonometric functions with the help of unit circle, Signs of trigonometric functions, Domain and range of trigonometric functions and their graphs, Expressing sin (x + y) and cos (x + y) in terms of sinx, siny, cosx and cosy, Identities related to sin2x, cos2x, tan2x, sin3x, cos3x and tan3x, General solution of trigonometric equations of the type sin y = sin a, cos y = cos a and tan y = tan a.

This course is helpful for the following exams: Class 12