Translocation

The movement of a gene from one linkage group to another called translocation. 
It is a chromosomal abnormality caused by rearrangement of part between non-homologous chromosomes.

The mechanism that causes a gene to move from one linkage group to another is called translocation.

Translocation is a genetic event that involves the movement of a gene or a segment of a chromosome from one location to another. This process can occur within the same chromosome or between different chromosomes. It is an important mechanism that contributes to genetic variation and evolution.

Process of Translocation:

Translocation occurs during meiosis, the process of cell division that produces gametes (sperm and eggs) with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. There are two main types of translocation: reciprocal translocation and nonreciprocal translocation.

1. Reciprocal Translocation:
Reciprocal translocation involves the exchange of genetic material between two non-homologous chromosomes. This can occur when breaks in the chromosomes happen at similar positions, and the broken segments are exchanged and rejoin with the other chromosome. As a result, the genes from one chromosome become physically linked with the genes from the other chromosome.

2. Nonreciprocal Translocation:
Nonreciprocal translocation involves the transfer of a chromosomal segment from one chromosome to another, without any exchange of genetic material. This can occur when a segment of a chromosome breaks off and attaches itself to another chromosome. The segment that moves may contain one or more genes, and as a result, these genes are relocated to a different chromosome.

Consequences of Translocation:

Translocation can have significant consequences on the genetic makeup of an individual or a population. Some potential outcomes include:

1. Altered Gene Expression: The relocation of a gene to a different chromosome or a different position within the same chromosome can affect its regulation and expression. This can lead to changes in the phenotype of an organism.

2. Genetic Disorders: Translocations can disrupt the normal functioning of genes, leading to genetic disorders. For example, certain types of cancer, such as chronic myelogenous leukemia, can be caused by specific chromosomal translocations.

3. Genetic Variation: Translocation can contribute to genetic variation within a population. By moving genes between chromosomes, new combinations of alleles can arise, increasing the diversity of genetic traits.

In conclusion, translocation is the mechanism that causes a gene to move from one linkage group to another. It can occur through reciprocal or nonreciprocal events during meiosis and has important implications for genetic variation and disease development.