Main Features of Mughal Administration:

The Mughal Empire, which ruled over the Indian subcontinent from the 16th to the 19th centuries, had a well-organized and efficient administrative system. The main features of Mughal administration can be summarized as follows:

1. Centralized Authority:
- Emperor: The Mughal Emperor held supreme power and was considered the center of authority. The emperor's decisions were final and binding.
- Divine Right: The emperor's authority was often legitimized through the concept of divine right, which held that the emperor ruled by the grace of God.

2. Administrative Hierarchy:
- Mansabdars: The empire was divided into provinces, which were further subdivided into districts. Each province was governed by a governor known as a Subahdar, while districts were under the control of Faujdars.
- Mansabdari System: The administration was based on the Mansabdari system, whereby officials were assigned ranks or mansabs. The higher the rank, the greater the responsibility and the number of troops the official was required to maintain.

3. Revenue Administration:
- Zabt and Zamindars: The Mughals introduced the Zabt system, which involved fixing the revenue demand for each revenue unit. Zamindars, or local landlords, were responsible for collecting taxes and maintaining law and order in their respective areas.
- Jagirdari System: Land was often granted as a reward to Mansabdars in the form of jagirs. The jagirdars were responsible for collecting revenue from their assigned territories.

4. Judicial System:
- Qazi and Qazis: The judicial system was based on Islamic law. Qazis were appointed to administer justice and settle disputes. They followed Islamic legal principles and were responsible for maintaining law and order within their jurisdictions.

5. Military Administration:
- Mansabdars: The military was organized through the Mansabdari system, where officials were assigned ranks and provided with troops according to their rank.
- Mansabdars' Duties: Mansabdars were responsible for maintaining law and order, protecting the empire's borders, and providing military support to the emperor when required.

6. Provincial Administration:
- Subahdars and Faujdars: Each province was headed by a Subahdar, who was responsible for its administration. The province was further divided into districts, each governed by a Faujdar.
- Local Autonomy: The Mughals allowed a certain degree of local autonomy, allowing the zamindars and local elites to maintain control over their respective regions.

In conclusion, the Mughal administration was characterized by a centralized authority under the emperor, an administrative hierarchy, a revenue administration system, a judicial system based on Islamic law, a well-organized military administration, and provincial administration with a degree of local autonomy. These features contributed to the efficiency and stability of the Mughal Empire.

Describe Central administration of Mughal Empire