The correct answer is option 'B': S-shaped growth curve. Let's understand why.

**S-shaped Growth Curve:**

The S-shaped growth curve, also known as the logistic growth curve, is a pattern of population growth that is commonly observed in nature. It is characterized by an initial exponential growth phase, followed by a slowing growth rate until the population reaches its carrying capacity.

**Explanation:**

1. **J-shaped Growth Curve:**
The J-shaped growth curve is a pattern of exponential growth, where the population size increases at a constant rate without any limitations. In this phase, the population grows rapidly, with each individual having the potential to reproduce and contribute to the population growth. However, this pattern is not sustainable in the long term, as it assumes unlimited resources and lacks factors that regulate population growth.

2. **Z-shaped Growth Curve:**
The Z-shaped growth curve is not a commonly observed pattern in population growth. It is a hypothetical curve that suggests a decline in population after reaching a peak. This decline could occur due to environmental factors, disease outbreaks, or other factors that lead to a decrease in the population size. However, this pattern is not a characteristic trend for human population growth.

3. **S-shaped Growth Curve:**
The S-shaped growth curve is the most appropriate model to describe human population growth. Initially, the human population experienced exponential growth due to advancements in medicine, improved living conditions, and increased food production. However, as the population increased, various factors such as limited resources, environmental degradation, and social factors started to exert constraints on population growth.

As the population approaches the carrying capacity of the environment, the growth rate slows down and eventually stabilizes. The carrying capacity represents the maximum population size that an environment can support sustainably. At this point, the birth rate and death rate become balanced, leading to a stable population size.

In conclusion, the S-shaped growth curve accurately represents human population growth as it takes into account the initial exponential growth phase followed by a slowing growth rate until the population reaches its carrying capacity. The J-shaped growth curve represents unsustainable exponential growth, and the Z-shaped growth curve is not a commonly observed pattern in human population growth.