Transcription is the first step of gene expression, in which a particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA (especially mRNA) by the enzyme RNA polymerase. Both DNA and RNA are nucleic acids, which use base pairsof nucleotides as a complementary language. During transcription, a DNA sequence is read by an RNA polymerase, which produces a complementary, antiparallel RNA strand called a primary transcript....

Transcription: The transfer of genetic information from DNA to RNA/formation of RNA from DNA is called transcription.

During transcription, the DNA code is read by RNA polymerase enzyme and an RNA molecule is synthesized which is complementary to the DNA template strand. The RNA molecule is synthesized in a 5'-3' direction and the RNA polymerase enzyme adds the RNA nucleotides to the growing RNA chain.

Initiation: The process of transcription begins with the binding of RNA polymerase enzyme to the promoter region of DNA. The promoter region contains specific nucleotide sequences that signal the start of transcription. Once the RNA polymerase enzyme binds to the promoter region, the DNA strands unwind and the RNA polymerase enzyme begins synthesizing an RNA molecule.

Elongation: During the elongation phase of transcription, the RNA polymerase enzyme reads the DNA code and adds complementary RNA nucleotides to the growing RNA chain. The RNA is synthesized in a 5'-3' direction and the RNA polymerase enzyme moves along the DNA template strand in a 3'-5' direction.

Termination: Once the RNA polymerase enzyme reaches the termination sequence on the DNA template strand, it stops synthesizing RNA and releases the RNA molecule. The RNA molecule then undergoes post-transcriptional modifications such as splicing, capping, and tailing to form the mature mRNA molecule.

Conclusion: In conclusion, the process of transfer of genetic information from DNA to RNA/formation of RNA from DNA is called transcription. During transcription, the DNA code is read by RNA polymerase enzyme and an RNA molecule is synthesized which is complementary to the DNA template strand. The transcription process involves initiation, elongation, and termination phases. The RNA molecule undergoes post-transcriptional modifications to form the mature mRNA molecule.