Section Division in Human Geography by Finch Triwartha

Finch Triwartha, an eminent geographer, divided the subject of human geography into two main sections: Social or Cultural Geography and Economic or Commercial Geography. These sections provide a comprehensive understanding of the various aspects of human activities and their spatial patterns.

1. Social or Cultural Geography:
Social or Cultural Geography studies the spatial distribution of human societies, their cultural practices, and the impact of these factors on the physical environment. It focuses on the following key aspects:

a. Population:
- Demographic patterns: It examines the distribution, composition, growth, and migration of populations across different regions.
- Population density: It analyzes the concentration of populations in specific areas and its implications for resource utilization and development.
- Population characteristics: It studies the social, economic, cultural, and demographic attributes of different population groups, such as age, gender, ethnicity, and religion.

b. Settlements and Land Use:
- Rural and urban settlements: It examines the spatial patterns and functions of rural and urban settlements, including their size, distribution, and hierarchy.
- Land use patterns: It analyzes the utilization of land for various purposes, such as residential, commercial, industrial, and agricultural, and their impact on the environment.
- Urbanization: It studies the process of urban growth, the development of urban infrastructure, and the challenges associated with rapid urbanization.

c. Cultural Practices:
- Language and religion: It explores the distribution and diversity of languages and religions across different regions and their influence on cultural landscapes.
- Customs and traditions: It investigates the cultural practices, traditions, and rituals of different societies and their impact on social cohesion and identity.
- Cultural diffusion: It examines the spread of ideas, technologies, and cultural traits from one society to another and its consequences.

2. Economic or Commercial Geography:
Economic or Commercial Geography focuses on the spatial organization of economic activities, the distribution of resources, and the factors influencing economic development. It includes the following key aspects:

a. Primary Economic Activities:
- Agriculture: It studies the spatial patterns of agricultural practices, cropping patterns, and the impact of agricultural activities on land use and environment.
- Mining and fishing: It examines the distribution and extraction of mineral resources and the exploitation of marine resources in different regions.
- Forestry: It analyzes the spatial distribution of forests, timber extraction, and the sustainable management of forest resources.

b. Secondary and Tertiary Economic Activities:
- Industrialization: It explores the location, growth, and spatial organization of industries, including manufacturing, processing, and assembly plants.
- Services sector: It studies the distribution and growth of service industries, such as banking, healthcare, education, tourism, and transportation.

c. Transportation and Trade:
- Transportation networks: It examines the infrastructure and connectivity of transportation systems, including roadways, railways, waterways, and air routes.
- International trade: It analyzes the patterns and flows of global trade, including the distribution of exports and imports, trade routes, and trade agreements.

In summary, Finch Triwartha's division of human geography into Social or Cultural Geography and Economic or Commercial Geography provides a comprehensive framework to study the spatial patterns and human activities in different regions. These sections help in understanding the complex interactions between societies, culture, economy, and the environment.