{$} Non-Cooperation Movement spread in cities across the country:

(i) The movement started with middle class participation in the cities.

(ii) Thousands of students left government controlled schools and colleges.

(iii) Headmasters and teachers resigned and lawyers gave up their legal practices.

(iv) The council elections were boycotted in most provinces except Madras where Justice Party took part in elections.

{$} Non-cooperation movement was slowed down in India:-

1.due to lack of alternate Indian educational institute the students and teachers began to return back and join their services.

2.expensive khadi cloth could not fulfill the demands of poor people.

3.the incident of chauri chaura where stayagrahis burnt the police station along with 22 policemen.

That's all🙂

Spread of Non-Cooperation Movement in Cities

The non-cooperation movement was launched by Mahatma Gandhi in 1920 to protest against the British rule in India. The movement gained momentum and spread to various cities of India. Here's how it spread:

Boycott of Foreign Goods
- The first phase of the non-cooperation movement was to boycott foreign goods.
- People stopped buying foreign clothes, salt, and other products.
- This led to a decline in the sale of foreign goods and boosted the sale of Indian goods.

Withdrawal of Students from Schools and Colleges
- The second phase of the non-cooperation movement was the withdrawal of students from schools and colleges.
- Students stopped attending schools and colleges that were run by the British.
- This led to the closure of many schools and colleges, causing a loss to the British administration.

Protest against the Rowlatt Act
- The Rowlatt Act was passed by the British in 1919, allowing them to arrest anyone without a trial.
- The non-cooperation movement protested against this act and demanded its repeal.
- This led to protests and strikes in various cities, disrupting the normal functioning of the British administration.

Slowdown of Non-Cooperation Movement

While the non-cooperation movement gained momentum in the initial stages, it gradually slowed down. Here are some reasons why:

Violence during Chauri Chaura Incident
- In 1922, a group of protestors attacked a police station in Chauri Chaura and killed 22 policemen.
- Mahatma Gandhi called off the non-cooperation movement as he believed in non-violence.
- This incident led to a loss of faith in the non-cooperation movement among the people.

Split in Congress
- The Indian National Congress, which was leading the non-cooperation movement, split into two factions in 1923.
- This led to a loss of unity among the leaders and weakened the movement.

Economic Pressure
- The boycott of foreign goods and the closure of schools and colleges led to an economic slowdown.
- Many people who depended on foreign goods for their livelihood were affected.
- This led to a loss of support for the non-cooperation movement.

Conclusion

The non-cooperation movement was a significant event in India's struggle for independence. While it gained momentum in the initial stages, it gradually slowed down due to various reasons. However, it paved the way for other movements and protests that ultimately led to India's independence.