The amendments are :-

1* Elections of local government should be regular.

2* some seats are reserved for Scs , ST , and OBCs

3* one third of the seats are reserved for women.

4* New independent election commission was formed to elect local elections.

5* some portions of the total revenues of the state government are given to the local government.

The Indian Constitution has made several amendments to strengthen the third tier of governance, which is the Panchayati Raj system. These amendments aim to empower local self-government bodies and make them more effective in delivering services and promoting development at the grassroots level.


The 73rd and 74th Amendment Acts of the Constitution introduced a three-tier system of Panchayati Raj institutions at the village, block, and district levels, and urban local bodies at the municipal, city, and metropolitan levels, respectively. These amendments brought about several changes to the Panchayati Raj system, including:

• Constitutional recognition and protection of Panchayati Raj institutions


• Reservation of seats for women and Scheduled Castes and Tribes


• Devolution of powers and functions to the local bodies


• Allocation of funds to the local bodies by the state governments


• Establishment of State Election Commissions to conduct Panchayat and municipal elections


• Formation of District Planning Committees and Metropolitan Planning Committees to prepare development plans

The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) was enacted in 2005 to provide a legal guarantee of 100 days of wage employment to every rural household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work. This Act has been instrumental in empowering Panchayati Raj institutions by:

• Requiring them to play a central role in the implementation of the Act


• Empowering them to identify and plan works to be undertaken under the Act


• Mandating the payment of wages through the Panchayat system


• Providing resources to the Panchayats for the implementation of the Act

Apart from these Acts, several other initiatives have been taken to strengthen the third tier of governance, such as:

• Establishment of the Ministry of Panchayati Raj at the national level


• Introduction of e-governance in Panchayati Raj institutions to improve transparency and accountability


• Training and capacity building of Panchayat members and officials


• Encouraging the participation of civil society and non-governmental organizations in the functioning of Panchayati Raj institutions

These amendments and initiatives have helped in making the third tier of governance more powerful and effective in promoting development and delivering services at the grassroots level.