what were the causes of the end of Harappan civilization? Related: Chapter Notes - Bricks, Beads and Bones, Class 12, History?

Question

what were the causes of the end of Harappan civilization? Related:  Chapter Notes - Bricks, Beads and Bones, Class 12, History?

Answer

FIRST ONE ----- NATURAL CLIMATE LIKE FLOOD AND EARTH QUAKES OR some archeologist says around in Rig vedha time BRICK ROBBERS DESTROY THE HARAPPA OR SOME EVIDENCE SAY IN MOHENJODARO MYTHICAL MASSACRE EVIDENCE FINED  there are many logic by archaeologists.

Answer

Deforestation, change  in  climate, excessive   flood,  drough, aryans invasion, shifting of river indus, epidemics, and  natural clamities

Answer

Chapter Notes

Answer

Causes of the end of Harappan civilization:

1. Environmental factors:
- Climate Change: One of the main factors that led to the decline of the Harappan civilization was climate change. The region experienced a shift in weather patterns, leading to a decrease in monsoon rains and a subsequent decline in agricultural productivity.
- Drying of River Sarasvati: The drying up of the River Sarasvati, which was a major source of water for the Harappan cities, contributed to the decline. This led to a scarcity of water for irrigation, resulting in a decline in agricultural output.

2. Ecological degradation:
- Deforestation: The excessive cutting down of trees for fuel and construction purposes contributed to soil erosion and reduced fertility. This affected agricultural productivity and the availability of resources.
- Soil Salinization: Overexploitation of land and improper irrigation practices led to the accumulation of salts in the soil. As a result, the land became infertile and unsuitable for agriculture.

3. Indus River system:
- Shifts in the Indus River System: The Indus River, which was a lifeline for the Harappan civilization, underwent significant changes. The river changed its course, leading to the desertion of some cities and disrupting trade and transportation networks.

4. Internal factors:
- Socio-political Instability: Internal conflicts, such as power struggles or social unrest, may have weakened the Harappan society and its ability to sustain itself.
- Decline in Trade and Urbanization: The decline in trade networks and urban centers is also considered a factor in the decline. The disruption of long-distance trade and the breakdown of communication among different cities may have negatively impacted the economy.

5. External factors:
- Invasions: Some historians suggest that the Harappan civilization may have been invaded by external groups, such as the Aryans, leading to the collapse of the urban centers. However, there is limited archaeological evidence to support this theory.

6. End of the Harappan script:
- The decline of the Harappan script: The Harappan script, which was used for writing, gradually disappeared towards the end of the civilization. The loss of a standardized script may have hindered communication and contributed to the decline.

In conclusion, the end of the Harappan civilization was a complex process influenced by a combination of environmental, ecological, internal, and external factors. Climate change, ecological degradation, shifts in river systems, socio-political instability, decline in trade, and the disappearance of the Harappan script all played a role in the decline and eventual collapse of this ancient civilization.

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