R.E.M. Wheeler: Director General of Archaeological Survey of India

R.E.M. Wheeler, also known as Sir Robert Eric Mortimer Wheeler, was a prominent British archaeologist and military officer who served as the Director General of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) from 1944 to 1948. During his tenure, Wheeler made significant contributions to the field of archaeology and played a vital role in transforming the ASI into a major institution for archaeological research and preservation in India.

Establishment of Regional Archaeological Museums:
Wheeler initiated the establishment of several regional archaeological museums across India. These museums aimed to showcase the rich cultural heritage of different regions and house archaeological artifacts and findings from various excavations. This step not only facilitated the preservation and display of valuable historical artifacts but also provided a means of education and awareness for the general public.

Excavations and Discoveries:
Wheeler led several important excavations during his tenure, unearthing significant sites and making notable discoveries. One of the most remarkable excavations conducted under his supervision was at the ancient city of Harappa in present-day Pakistan. This excavation, along with the one at Mohenjo-daro, helped establish the Indus Valley Civilization as one of the oldest urban civilizations in the world.

Standardization of Archaeological Practices:
Wheeler introduced standardized methods and practices for archaeological excavations and surveys in India. He emphasized the importance of stratigraphy, the study of layers of soil and their chronological sequence, in understanding the history of a site. This approach greatly enhanced the accuracy and reliability of archaeological findings and interpretations.

Publication of Research:
Under Wheeler's guidance, the ASI published numerous research papers and reports documenting the findings and insights gained from various excavations. These publications not only contributed to the global body of archaeological knowledge but also served as valuable resources for future researchers and scholars.

Conservation and Preservation:
Recognizing the need for conservation and preservation of archaeological sites, Wheeler emphasized the importance of protecting and maintaining historical structures and monuments. His efforts led to the formulation of policies and guidelines for the preservation of heritage sites, ensuring their longevity for future generations.

Legacy:
R.E.M. Wheeler's tenure as the Director General of the Archaeological Survey of India left a lasting impact on the field of archaeology in India. His contributions in the areas of excavation, standardization of practices, publication, and conservation continue to shape archaeological research and preservation efforts in the country. His work not only uncovered significant historical sites and artifacts but also fostered a deeper understanding and appreciation of India's rich cultural heritage.