Following are the reflex action of the body :-
1) Dilation of pupils in dim light.  
2) Patellar reflex  
3) Sweating  
4) Salivation  
5) Shivering.  

The reflex actions, however, show sudden responses and do not involve any thinking. When we accidentally touch a hot object, we withdraw our hands immediately without thinking. If we do not do this, our hands will burn. The sensory nerves detect the heat. They are connected to the nerves, which move the muscles of the hand. Such a connection of detecting the signal from the nerves (input), and responding to it immediately (output) is called a reflex arc. A reflex arc makes instant and automatic responses possible. It connects the input nerve and output nerve, and meets in a bundle in the spinal chord. In fact, nerves from all over the body meet in a bundle in the spinal cord, on their way to the brain. Therefore, the information input reaches the brain.

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Reflex Actions of the Body

1. Blinking Reflex: When a foreign object or a sudden bright light comes in contact with the eyes, the body automatically responds by closing the eyelids rapidly. This reflex action is known as blinking and helps to protect the eyes from potential harm.

2. Knee-Jerk Reflex: Also known as the patellar reflex, this is a monosynaptic reflex that occurs when the patellar tendon is tapped, causing a quick and involuntary contraction of the quadriceps muscle and a subsequent extension of the leg.

3. Withdrawal Reflex: When a person touches a hot or sharp object, the body immediately pulls away from the source of pain. This reflex action, known as the withdrawal reflex, is initiated by sensory neurons that detect the potentially harmful stimulus and send signals to the motor neurons, causing the muscles to contract and move the body part away.

4. Gag Reflex: The gag reflex is an automatic response that occurs when the back of the throat is stimulated, such as when swallowing large objects or when the throat is touched. It triggers a contraction of the muscles in the back of the throat, helping to prevent choking.

5. Sneeze Reflex: When irritants such as dust or allergens enter the nasal passages, the body responds with a sneeze. This reflex action helps to expel the irritants and clear the airways. It involves the rapid contraction of the diaphragm and the muscles in the chest, followed by a forceful expulsion of air through the nose and mouth.

6. Cough Reflex: Similar to the sneeze reflex, the cough reflex is a protective mechanism that helps to clear the airways when they are irritated or obstructed. It involves a deep inhalation followed by a forceful exhalation, which helps to expel mucus, foreign objects, or irritants from the respiratory system.

The Reflex Arc

The reflex arc is a neural pathway that mediates a reflex action. Although the specific details may vary depending on the reflex, the basic components of a reflex arc remain the same:

1. Receptor: This is the sensory organ or cell that detects the stimulus and initiates the reflex. In all reflex actions, specialized sensory neurons or receptors are responsible for detecting the stimulus (e.g., light, heat, pain, pressure).

2. Sensory Neuron: Once the receptor detects the stimulus, it sends electrical signals to the central nervous system (CNS) via the sensory neurons. These neurons transmit the sensory information from the receptor to the spinal cord or brain, depending on the reflex.

3. Integration Center: The integration center, which is typically located in the spinal cord or brain, receives and processes the sensory information from the sensory neurons. It determines the appropriate response to the stimulus and generates a motor response.

4. Motor Neuron: The motor neurons receive the instructions from the integration center and transmit the response signal to the effector organ or muscle. This signal triggers the contraction or relaxation of specific muscles, leading to the reflex action.

5. Effector: The effector is the muscle or gland that carries out the motor response. In reflex actions, the effector