Ovulation:
Ovulation is the specific scientific term for the release of an ovum (mature egg) from the ovary into the body cavity. It is an essential process in the female reproductive system that occurs during the menstrual cycle.

Menstrual Cycle:
The menstrual cycle is a complex series of hormonal and physiological changes that occur in females of reproductive age. It is characterized by the regular shedding of the uterine lining (menstruation) and the release of an egg (ovulation). The cycle typically lasts around 28 days but can vary from person to person.

Process of Ovulation:
During the menstrual cycle, various hormones, including follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), regulate the development and release of the egg. The process of ovulation can be divided into several stages:

1. Follicular Phase: This is the first phase of the menstrual cycle, where FSH stimulates the growth and maturation of follicles in the ovaries. Each follicle contains an immature egg.

2. Ovulation: Around the middle of the menstrual cycle, typically on day 14, the surge in LH triggers ovulation. The mature follicle ruptures, releasing the ovum into the body cavity.

3. Luteal Phase: After ovulation, the ruptured follicle transforms into the corpus luteum, a temporary endocrine gland. The corpus luteum produces progesterone, which prepares the uterine lining for potential implantation of a fertilized egg.

4. Menstruation: If fertilization and implantation do not occur, the corpus luteum degenerates, and the levels of progesterone and estrogen decrease. This leads to the shedding of the uterine lining, resulting in menstruation.

Importance of Ovulation:
Ovulation is a crucial process for reproduction. It allows for the release of a mature egg, which can be fertilized by sperm to initiate pregnancy. Ovulation also plays a role in regulating the menstrual cycle and hormone production.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, ovulation is the specific scientific term for the release of an ovum from the ovary into the body cavity. It is a key event in the menstrual cycle and is essential for fertility and reproduction.