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Statements: Some pens are books. Some books are pencils.
Conclusions:
  1. Some pens are pencils.
  2. Some pencils are pens.
  3. All pencils are pens.
  4. All books are pens.
  • a)
    Only (1) and (3)
  • b)
    Only (2) and (4)
  • c)
    Only (1)
  • d)
    All the four
  • e)
    None of the four
Correct answer is option 'E'. Can you explain this answer?
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Statements and Conclusions:

Statements are the given facts or premises. They can be true or false. Conclusions are the inferences or deductions drawn from the given statements. They can be either true or false.

In this question, we are given two statements and we need to draw conclusions based on them.

Statements:

Some pens are books.
Some books are pencils.

Conclusions:

Some pens are pencils:
This conclusion cannot be drawn as there is no direct relationship between pens and pencils.

Some pencils are pens:
This conclusion cannot be drawn as there is no direct relationship between pencils and pens.

All pencils are pens:
This conclusion cannot be drawn as there is no direct relationship between pencils and pens.

All books are pens:
This conclusion cannot be drawn as there is no direct relationship between books and pens.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 'E' - None of the four. None of the given conclusions can be drawn from the given statements.
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