Introduction:
The powerful noble who founded the state of Hyderabad in 1724 was Nizam-ul-Mulk. He played a significant role in the political landscape of the Deccan region during the reign of Muhammad Shah. Nizam-ul-Mulk's establishment of the state of Hyderabad marked the beginning of the Asaf Jahi dynasty, which would go on to become one of the most influential and long-lasting dynasties of the Indian subcontinent.

Nizam-ul-Mulk:
Nizam-ul-Mulk, whose original name was Mir Qamar-ud-Din Khan Siddiqi, was born in 1671 in the city of Hyderabad. He belonged to a noble Persian family and was well-educated in various disciplines, including Islamic theology, Persian literature, and administration. Nizam-ul-Mulk served as a high-ranking official in the court of the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb and later his successors Bahadur Shah I and Farrukhsiyar.

Political Environment:
During the early 18th century, the Mughal Empire was facing a decline, with regional powers asserting their influence and autonomy. The Deccan region was no exception, with various local rulers vying for power and control. In this context, Nizam-ul-Mulk emerged as a prominent figure, known for his administrative skills, military prowess, and diplomatic acumen.

Founding of Hyderabad:
In 1724, Nizam-ul-Mulk, after obtaining a firman (royal decree) from the Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah, established the state of Hyderabad. He was appointed as the first Nizam (governor) of the newly formed state. Hyderabad became a significant power center in the Deccan region, encompassing territories previously ruled by the Qutb Shahi and Mughal dynasties.

Contributions and Legacy:
Nizam-ul-Mulk's rule in Hyderabad was marked by stability, efficient administration, and economic prosperity. He implemented various reforms, including land revenue policies and the establishment of a strong bureaucracy. Nizam-ul-Mulk also maintained a well-disciplined army and fostered diplomatic alliances with neighboring states.

The Asaf Jahi dynasty, founded by Nizam-ul-Mulk, continued to rule Hyderabad for over two centuries, playing a crucial role in the political affairs of the region. The Nizams of Hyderabad became influential figures in the British Raj, and the state of Hyderabad remained an important princely state until its integration into the Indian Union in 1948.

Conclusion:
In summary, Nizam-ul-Mulk, also known as the founder of the state of Hyderabad, played a pivotal role in shaping the political landscape of the Deccan region during the reign of Muhammad Shah. His establishment of the Asaf Jahi dynasty and his contributions to administration, military, and diplomacy left a lasting legacy in the history of Hyderabad.