(i) Overgrazing and deforestation have destroyed the vegetation.
(ii) Surface mining have caused degradation of the land.
(iii) The mineral processing like:-
(a) Grinding of limestone in cement industries.
(b) Grinding of calcite and soapstone in ceramic industries which generates large amount of dust and release in the atmosphere.
When it settles down in the surrounding area and affects infiltration of water and crop cultivation.

Explanation:

Land degradation is a global problem largely related to agricultural use
Causes of land degradation:

Mining sites are abandoned after the excavation work is done, Reaving deep scars of overburdening. In states like Odisha, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, deforestation due to mining has caused severe land degradation.
Overgrazing in states like Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, and Maharashtra is one of the main reasons behind land degradation.
Overirrigation and waterlogging lead to increase in salinity and alkalinity in the states of Punjab, Haryana and western Uttar Pradesh, thereby leading to land degradation.
Mineral processing like grinding of limestone for cement industry and calcite and soapstone for ceremic industry generate huge quantities of dust in the atmosphere. It stops the infiltration of water in the soil.
Industrial effluents as wastes have become a major source of land and water pollution in many parts of the country.