Transportation in plants is the process of moving water, minerals, and other substances throughout the plant. This is a vital process that allows plants to grow and survive. The transportation of materials in plants occurs through the xylem and phloem.

Xylem

The xylem is responsible for transporting water and minerals from the roots to the leaves. This is a passive process that occurs due to transpiration, which is the evaporation of water from the leaves. Water molecules are pulled up through the xylem due to the cohesive and adhesive properties of water.

Phloem

The phloem is responsible for transporting sugars and other organic compounds from the leaves to the rest of the plant. This process is called translocation and it occurs through the use of pressure flow. Sugars are produced in the leaves during photosynthesis and are then transported through the phloem to the rest of the plant.

Transport Mechanisms

There are several mechanisms that plants use to transport materials throughout the plant.

- Transpiration - This process is responsible for transporting water and minerals through the xylem. Transpiration occurs due to the evaporation of water from the leaves, which creates a negative pressure that pulls water up through the xylem.
- Cohesion-Tension Theory - This theory explains how water molecules are able to move through the xylem. Water molecules are able to stick together due to cohesion and are able to stick to the walls of the xylem due to adhesion. This creates a column of water that is able to move up the xylem.
- Pressure Flow - This mechanism is responsible for transporting sugars and other organic compounds through the phloem. Sugars are loaded into the phloem in the leaves and then move down to the rest of the plant due to a pressure gradient.

Conclusion

Transportation in plants is a vital process that allows plants to grow and survive. The xylem and phloem are responsible for transporting water, minerals, and other substances throughout the plant. This process occurs through transpiration and pressure flow, which are mechanisms that allow materials to move through the plant.

Transportation is a process in which a substance made in one part of the body of an organism is carried to other parts of its body .
xylem which carries water and mineral ,
phloem which carries the food material.
phloem also carries the hormones made by the plants in their root and shot tips .