In a dihybrid cross, two parent plants that differ in two traits are crossed to produce F1 generation. The F1 generation is then crossed to produce F2 generation. The probability of homozygous plants for both dominant characters in the F2 generation can be calculated using the principles of Mendelian genetics.



To calculate the probability of homozygous plants for both dominant characters in the F2 generation, we first need to know the genotype of the parent plants. Let's assume that the parent plants are both heterozygous for both traits. This means that they have the genotype AaBb, where A and B are dominant alleles and a and b are recessive alleles.



We can use a Punnett square to determine the possible genotypes of the F1 generation. The Punnett square for a dihybrid cross between two heterozygous parent plants would look like this:

| | A | a |
| - | - | - |
| B | AB | aB |
| b | Ab | ab |

The possible genotypes of the F1 generation are AB, aB, Ab, and ab. All of these genotypes are heterozygous.



We can use another Punnett square to determine the possible genotypes of the F2 generation. The Punnett square for a cross between two heterozygous F1 plants would look like this:

| | AB | aB | Ab | ab |
| - | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| AB | AABB | AaBB | AABb | AaBb |
| aB | AaBB | aaBB | AaBb | aaBb |
| Ab | AABb | AaBb | AAbb | Aabb |
| ab | AaBb | aaBb | Aabb | aabb |

The possible genotypes of the F2 generation are AABB, AaBB, AABb, AaBb, AAbb, Aabb, aaBB, aaBb, and aabb.



To calculate the probability of homozygous plants for both dominant characters in the F2 generation, we need to look at the possible genotypes that have both dominant alleles. These genotypes are AABB and aaBB. Both of these genotypes are homozygous for both dominant characters.

The probability of getting homozygous plants for both dominant characters in the F2 generation is the sum of the probabilities of getting the AABB and aaBB genotypes. The probability of getting the AABB genotype is 1/16, and the probability of getting the aaBB genotype is also 1/16. Therefore, the probability of getting homozygous plants for both dominant characters in the F2 generation is 1/16 + 1/16 = 1/8, or 12.5%.



In summary, the probability of homozygous plants for both dominant

Proability of homozygous dominant is 1/16 because only 1 dominant homozygous is make in F2 generation.