Nation-State

A nation-state is a political entity that encompasses both a nation (a group of people who share a common culture, language, history, and identity) and a state (a defined territory with a government). It is characterized by the idea that the political boundaries of a state should correspond to the cultural boundaries of a nation.

Key Points:

- Definition: A nation-state is a political entity that combines a nation and a state.
- Nation: A nation refers to a group of people who share common cultural, linguistic, historical, and identity traits.
- State: A state is a defined territory with a government that exercises sovereignty over its population and territory.
- Correspondence: In a nation-state, the political boundaries of the state are intended to align with the cultural boundaries of the nation.
- Homogeneity: The nation-state model assumes a high degree of homogeneity within the nation in terms of culture, language, and identity.
- Examples: Examples of nation-states include Japan, Iceland, and South Korea.

Modern-State

A modern-state, also known as a sovereign state or nation-state, is a political entity that exercises full sovereignty over a defined territory. It is characterized by the presence of a centralized government that has the authority to make and enforce laws within its territory.

Key Points:

- Definition: A modern-state is a political entity with full sovereignty over a defined territory.
- Sovereignty: A modern-state has the authority to govern itself without interference from external powers.
- Centralized Government: It has a centralized government that exercises power and authority over the territory and population.
- Territory: A modern-state has clearly defined boundaries that separate it from other states.
- Legal Authority: The government of a modern-state has the power to make and enforce laws within its territory.
- Examples: Examples of modern-states include the United States, France, and Brazil.

Differences:

- Concept: The main difference between a nation-state and a modern-state lies in their conceptualization. A nation-state emphasizes the alignment of political and cultural boundaries, whereas a modern-state focuses on the exercise of sovereignty and governance.
- Homogeneity vs. Diversity: Nation-states assume a high degree of cultural homogeneity within the nation, while modern-states can have diverse populations with various cultural, linguistic, and ethnic backgrounds.
- Correspondence vs. Territorial Sovereignty: Nation-states aim for political boundaries that correspond to cultural boundaries, whereas modern-states prioritize territorial sovereignty and effective governance within their defined boundaries.
- Examples: The examples of nation-states tend to be countries with relatively homogeneous populations, while modern-states can be more diverse in terms of their population composition.