Which of the following represents the action of insulin? [NEET Kar. 20...
Insulin is a pe ptide hor mone, which plays a major role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. Insulin acts mainly on hepatocytes and adipocytes (cells of adipose tissue), and enhances cellular glucose uptake and utilization. Insulin also stimulates conversion of glucose to glycogen (glycogenesis) in the target cells.
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Which of the following represents the action of insulin? [NEET Kar. 20...
Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that plays a crucial role in regulating blood glucose levels. Its main function is to facilitate the uptake of glucose by cells, thereby decreasing the concentration of glucose in the bloodstream. Insulin achieves this by promoting several important actions in the body.
Decreases blood glucose levels by forming glycogen:
One of the key actions of insulin is to stimulate the conversion of glucose into glycogen in the liver and muscles. Glycogen is a complex carbohydrate that serves as a storage form of glucose. When blood glucose levels are high, insulin is released, and it signals the liver and muscles to take up glucose and convert it into glycogen. This process helps to lower blood glucose levels by removing excess glucose from the bloodstream and storing it for later use.
Promotes cellular uptake of glucose:
Insulin also plays a crucial role in facilitating the uptake of glucose by cells. It acts as a "key" that unlocks the doors of cells, allowing glucose to enter. Without insulin, the cells would be unable to effectively take up glucose, leading to elevated blood glucose levels. Insulin also enhances the transport of glucose across cell membranes and increases the activity of enzymes involved in glucose metabolism.
Regulates lipid metabolism:
Insulin not only affects glucose metabolism but also plays a role in lipid metabolism. It promotes the synthesis of fatty acids in the liver and inhibits the breakdown of stored fats (lipolysis). This action of insulin helps to lower the level of free fatty acids in the blood and promotes the storage of excess fat in adipose tissue.
Suppresses gluconeogenesis:
Gluconeogenesis is the process by which the liver produces glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, such as amino acids and glycerol. Insulin inhibits gluconeogenesis, thereby limiting the production of glucose from these sources. This action helps to prevent excessive glucose production and maintain appropriate blood glucose levels.
Overall, insulin acts to decrease blood glucose levels by promoting the formation of glycogen, facilitating cellular uptake of glucose, regulating lipid metabolism, and suppressing gluconeogenesis. These actions are essential for maintaining normal blood glucose levels and ensuring proper energy metabolism in the body.
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