Introduction:
The Hall Effect is a phenomenon in which an electric field is generated perpendicular to both the current flowing through a conductor and an applied magnetic field. This effect was discovered by Edwin Hall in 1879 and is widely used to measure magnetic fields, as well as to study the behavior of charge carriers in materials.

Explanation:
The Hall Effect occurs when a current-carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field. The magnetic field exerts a force on the moving charge carriers, causing them to be deflected. This deflection creates a buildup of charge on one side of the conductor, resulting in an electric field that opposes the magnetic force.

Perpendicularity of Electric Field:
The electric field generated due to the Hall Effect is always perpendicular to both the current and the magnetic field. This can be understood using the right-hand rule. When the thumb of the right hand points in the direction of the current, and the fingers represent the magnetic field, the palm represents the direction of the electric field. Since the magnetic field and current are perpendicular, the electric field is also perpendicular to both.

Applications of the Hall Effect:
The Hall Effect has numerous practical applications, including:
- Hall Effect sensors: These sensors are used to measure magnetic fields in a wide range of devices, such as compasses, current sensors, and position sensors.
- Determining charge carrier type and density: By measuring the Hall voltage and knowing the current and magnetic field, it is possible to determine the type (positive or negative) and concentration of charge carriers in a material.
- Characterizing materials: The Hall Effect can be used to study the behavior of charge carriers in different materials, providing insight into their electrical and magnetic properties.
- Magnetic field imaging: By scanning a Hall Effect sensor across a surface, it is possible to create a map of the magnetic field distribution, allowing for the visualization of magnetic patterns.

Conclusion:
In summary, the Hall Effect is a phenomenon in which an electric field is generated perpendicular to both the current flowing through a conductor and an applied magnetic field. This effect is widely used in various applications, from measuring magnetic fields to studying the behavior of charge carriers in materials.