Parthenocarpy and Seedless Fruit Development

Parthenocarpy is the development of fruit without fertilization, resulting in seedless fruit. It can be induced by the application of certain plant hormones. In this case, the correct answer is option 'D,' which suggests that the application of IAA (Indole-3-acetic acid) and IBA (Indole-3-butyric acid) can induce parthenocarpy and the development of seedless fruit.

Explanation:

1. Parthenocarpy
Parthenocarpy is a type of fruit development that occurs without the fertilization of ovules and the formation of seeds. It can be induced artificially by manipulating plant hormones.

2. Hormones Involved
Plant hormones play a crucial role in the regulation of fruit development. Among these hormones, auxins are known to be involved in the induction of parthenocarpy. IAA and IBA are two types of auxins that are commonly used to induce parthenocarpy and seedless fruit development.

3. IAA (Indole-3-acetic acid)
IAA is a naturally occurring auxin in plants. When applied externally, it stimulates the growth and development of plant tissues. In the context of parthenocarpy, the application of IAA can promote the growth of fruit without the need for pollination and fertilization. This leads to the development of seedless fruit.

4. IBA (Indole-3-butyric acid)
IBA is another type of auxin that can induce parthenocarpy and seedless fruit development. It is commonly used in the horticultural industry to produce seedless varieties of fruits such as grapes and bananas. Similar to IAA, the application of IBA promotes fruit growth without the formation of seeds.

5. Synergistic Effect
The combined application of IAA and IBA can have a synergistic effect on parthenocarpy and seedless fruit development. These hormones work together to promote fruit growth and suppress seed formation, resulting in the development of seedless fruit.

In summary, the application of IAA and IBA can induce parthenocarpy and the development of seedless fruit. These plant hormones promote fruit growth without the need for fertilization and seed formation. This process is commonly used in horticulture to produce seedless varieties of fruits.