Certain B vitamins are:[MP PMT 2002]a)Enzymesb)Co-enzymesc)Hormoned)Digestive substanceCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Question

Answer

All of the water-soluble vitamins and two of the fat-soluble vitamins, A and K, function as cofactors or coenzymes. Coenzymesparticipate in numerous biochemical reactions involving energy release or catabolism, as well as the accompanying anabolic reactions.

Answer

Coenzymes are also organic compounds but their association with the apoenzyme last for a short period of time,usually occuring during the course of catalysis.The essential chemical components of many coenzymes are vitamins .Example:coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and NADP contain the vitamin niacin.

Answer

B Vitamins as Co-enzymes:

Coenzymes are molecules that work together with enzymes to facilitate various biochemical reactions in the body. They are essential for the functioning of enzymes and are often derived from vitamins. B vitamins, specifically, play a crucial role as coenzymes in many metabolic processes.

1. Definition of Coenzymes:
Coenzymes are small organic molecules that act as intermediaries between enzymes and their substrates. They bind to enzymes and assist in catalyzing specific chemical reactions. Coenzymes are not consumed in the reaction and can be reused multiple times.

2. B Vitamins:
B vitamins are a group of water-soluble vitamins that are essential for various physiological functions. They include thiamine (B1), riboflavin (B2), niacin (B3), pantothenic acid (B5), pyridoxine (B6), biotin (B7), folic acid (B9), and cobalamin (B12). These vitamins are found in a variety of foods, including whole grains, legumes, eggs, meat, and dairy products.

3. Roles of B Vitamins as Coenzymes:
B vitamins are involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in the body. They act as coenzymes by binding to specific enzymes and assisting in the conversion of substrates into active products. Here are some examples:

- Thiamine (B1): Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), derived from thiamine, acts as a coenzyme for enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, including the conversion of glucose into energy.

- Riboflavin (B2): Riboflavin is converted into two active coenzymes, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN). These coenzymes participate in various redox reactions, including the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

- Niacin (B3): Niacin is converted into the coenzymes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP). These coenzymes are involved in numerous oxidation-reduction reactions, including energy production from glucose and fatty acids.

- Pyridoxine (B6): Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP), the active form of vitamin B6, acts as a coenzyme for over 100 enzymes involved in amino acid metabolism, neurotransmitter synthesis, and glycogen breakdown.

- Biotin (B7): Biotin is essential for enzymes involved in various carboxylation reactions, including the metabolism of fatty acids, amino acids, and glucose.

- Folic acid (B9): Folic acid is converted into tetrahydrofolate (THF), which serves as a coenzyme in nucleic acid synthesis, amino acid metabolism, and the formation of red and white blood cells.

- Cobalamin (B12): Cobalamin acts as a coenzyme in the metabolism of amino acids, fatty acids, and nucleic acids. It is also involved in the formation of red blood cells and the maintenance of the nervous system.

In conclusion, certain B vitamins, such as thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine, biotin, folic acid, and cobalamin, function as coenzymes in various metabolic reactions. They play a

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