How many ATP molecules produced from the complete oxidation of a molecule of active acetate or acetyl Co - A? ?(1)38 ATP (2)15 ATP (3)12ATP(4)4 ATP?

Question

Answer

For 1 acetyl coA 1krebs cycle is required and for 1turn of Krebs cycle 3NADPH(3ATP). 1ATP.1FADH2(2ATP) total 12ATP

Answer

Glucose undergoes glycolysis to form 2 molecules of pyruvate. The pyruvate molecule is converted to 2 molecules of acetyl-CoA. Each molecule of acetyl-CoA enters the Krebs cycle.

1 NADH (3 ATP) molecule is formed when the isocitrate is converted to oxalosuccinate.

1 NADH (3 ATP) is formed during the conversion of ketoglutarate to succinyl-CoA.

1 GTP/ATP is produced when sunnicyl-CoA is converted to succinic acid.

1 FADH2 (2 ATP) is produced when succinc acid is converted to fumaric acid.

1 NADH (3 ATP) is formed when malate is converted to oxaloacetate.

So, the correct answer is 12 ATP

Answer

Introduction:
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is a high-energy molecule that serves as the primary energy currency of cells. It is synthesized through cellular respiration, specifically during the process of oxidative phosphorylation. Acetate or acetyl Co-A is a molecule that enters the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) during cellular respiration, leading to the production of ATP.

Explanation:
The complete oxidation of a molecule of active acetate or acetyl Co-A involves several steps in cellular respiration. Let's break down the process and calculate the total ATP production.

Step 1: Glycolysis
Glycolysis is the initial step of cellular respiration, which takes place in the cytoplasm. During this process, glucose is converted into two molecules of pyruvate, generating a small amount of ATP and reducing equivalents (NADH). However, since we are specifically considering the oxidation of acetate or acetyl Co-A, glycolysis is bypassed.

Step 2: Pyruvate Decarboxylation
Acetate or acetyl Co-A is generated from pyruvate through a decarboxylation reaction in the mitochondria. For each molecule of pyruvate, one molecule of acetyl Co-A is produced. This reaction generates one molecule of NADH.

Step 3: Citric Acid Cycle
Acetyl Co-A enters the citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle or TCA (tricarboxylic acid) cycle. In this cycle, the acetyl Co-A is completely oxidized, leading to the production of reducing equivalents in the form of NADH and FADH2. The citric acid cycle also generates one ATP molecule through substrate-level phosphorylation per cycle. Since two molecules of acetyl Co-A are produced from one glucose molecule, the citric acid cycle will occur twice per glucose molecule, resulting in the production of two ATP molecules.

Step 4: Electron Transport Chain and Oxidative Phosphorylation
The reducing equivalents (NADH and FADH2) generated in previous steps enter the electron transport chain (ETC) located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. During the ETC, electrons are transferred through a series of protein complexes, creating a proton gradient. The flow of protons back across the membrane through ATP synthase drives the synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi). The exact number of ATP molecules generated per NADH or FADH2 varies, as the ETC is a complex process influenced by factors such as the efficiency of ATP synthase and the number of protons pumped across the membrane.

Step 5: Total ATP Production
Taking into account the ATP generated from the citric acid cycle and assuming the average yield of ATP per NADH and FADH2, we can calculate the total ATP production from the complete oxidation of a molecule of active acetate or acetyl Co-A.

- ATP from citric acid cycle: 2 ATP (as calculated in Step 3)
- ATP from NADH: Approximately 2.5 ATP per NADH
- ATP from FADH2: Approximately 1.5 ATP per FADH2

Considering that one molecule of acetyl Co

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