The tendency of population to remain in genetic equilibrium may be disturbed by :a)random matingb)lack of migrationc)lack of mutationsd)lack of random matingCorrect answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Question

Answer

The Hardy-Weinberg principle provides the mathematical framework for genetic equilibrium. Genetic equilibrium describes the condition of an allele or genotype in a gene pool (such as a population) where the frequency does not change from generation to generation. Genetic equilibrium describes a theoretical state that is the basis for determining whether and in what ways populations may deviate from it.The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can be disturbed by a number of forces, including mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, genetic drift, and gene flow (immigration, emigration, or migration).

Hence lack of random mating will lead to disturbance in genetic equilibrium

Answer

The factor affecting hardy weinberg equilibrium are 1 gene flow
2 genetic drift
3 mutation
4genetic recombination
5 natural selection
and the primary requirement is under random mating

Answer

Disturbance of Genetic Equilibrium by Lack of Random Mating

Random mating refers to the mating pattern where individuals in a population have an equal opportunity to mate with any other member of the population. In this case, there is no preference or bias for selecting mates based on certain traits or characteristics. However, when there is a lack of random mating, it can disturb the genetic equilibrium within a population. Here's an explanation of why option 'D' - lack of random mating - is the correct answer:

1. Introduction to Genetic Equilibrium:
Genetic equilibrium refers to a state where the genetic composition of a population remains constant from generation to generation. This equilibrium is maintained by several factors, including random mating, no migration, no mutations, large population size, and absence of natural selection. When any of these factors are disturbed, genetic equilibrium can be disrupted.

2. Non-Random Mating:
Non-random mating occurs when individuals preferentially choose their mates based on specific traits or characteristics. This can lead to certain individuals having a higher chance of mating, resulting in an uneven distribution of alleles in the population. There are two main types of non-random mating:

- Assortative mating: This occurs when individuals preferentially mate with those who have similar phenotypes or genotypes. For example, individuals with similar physical traits or individuals who are closely related may be more likely to mate.
- Disassortative mating: This occurs when individuals preferentially mate with those who have dissimilar phenotypes or genotypes. This can lead to an increase in heterozygosity in the population.

3. Consequences of Non-Random Mating:
When non-random mating occurs, it can disrupt the genetic equilibrium in several ways:

- Changes in genotype frequencies: Non-random mating can lead to an increase in homozygosity or heterozygosity in the population, depending on the type of non-random mating that occurs. This can alter the frequencies of different genotypes, potentially leading to an imbalance and deviation from the expected Hardy-Weinberg proportions.
- Inbreeding: Inbreeding is a type of non-random mating where individuals mate with close relatives. This can increase the frequency of homozygous genotypes and decrease genetic diversity in the population. Inbreeding can also increase the risk of genetic disorders and reduce the overall fitness of the population.
- Genetic drift: Non-random mating can amplify the effects of genetic drift, which is the random fluctuation of allele frequencies in a population. When individuals preferentially mate with certain individuals, the alleles they carry can become more or less common in the population due to chance events.

4. Conclusion:
In conclusion, the tendency of a population to remain in genetic equilibrium can be disturbed by a lack of random mating. Non-random mating, such as assortative mating or inbreeding, can lead to changes in genotype frequencies, reduced genetic diversity, and increased genetic drift. These disruptions can result in deviations from the expected Hardy-Weinberg proportions and disturb the genetic equilibrium within a population.

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