The ratio of the accelerations for a solid sphere (mass ‘m&rsquo...
$m$ and radius $r$) rolling down an incline without slipping and a point mass $m$ sliding down the same incline is $\frac{5}{7}$.
Let $a$ be the acceleration of the center of mass of the sphere and $g$ be the acceleration due to gravity. Then, using the condition of no slipping, we can write:
$a = \frac{5}{7} g$
The force causing the acceleration of the center of mass of the sphere is the component of the gravitational force along the incline, which is:
$F = mg\sin\theta$
where $\theta$ is the angle of inclination. By Newton's second law, we have:
$F = ma$
For a point mass sliding down the same incline, the force causing the acceleration is simply the component of the gravitational force along the incline, which is also $mg\sin\theta$. Therefore, the acceleration of the point mass is:
$a_p = \frac{F}{m} = g\sin\theta$
The ratio of the accelerations is:
$\frac{a}{a_p} = \frac{5}{7}\cdot\frac{1}{\sin\theta}$
To find the angle $\theta$, we need to use the condition of no slipping, which is:
$a = \frac{5}{7} g = r\alpha$
where $\alpha$ is the angular acceleration of the sphere. The torque causing the angular acceleration is the component of the gravitational torque along the axis of rotation, which is:
$\tau = mgr\sin\theta$
where $m$ is the mass of the sphere. By the rotational analog of Newton's second law, we have:
$\tau = I\alpha$
where $I$ is the moment of inertia of the sphere. For a solid sphere rotating about its diameter, we have:
$I = \frac{2}{5} mr^2$
Substituting for $\tau$ and $I$, we get:
$mgr\sin\theta = \frac{2}{5} mr^2\alpha$
Simplifying, we get:
$\alpha = \frac{5}{2}\frac{g}{r}\sin\theta$
Substituting for $\alpha$ in the condition of no slipping, we get:
$a = \frac{5}{7} g = r\alpha = \frac{5}{2}g\sin\theta$
Solving for $\sin\theta$, we get:
$\sin\theta = \frac{5}{14}$
Substituting in the ratio of accelerations, we get:
$\frac{a}{a_p} = \frac{5}{7}\cdot\frac{1}{\sin\theta} = \frac{5}{7}\cdot\frac{14}{5} = \frac{70}{35} = 2$
Therefore, the ratio of the accelerations is 2.
The ratio of the accelerations for a solid sphere (mass ‘m&rsquo...
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