**Father of Physiology in India**

**Background**
The father of physiology in India is Dr. J.C. Bose, who is widely regarded as one of the most influential scientists in the country. Born on November 30, 1858, in Mymensingh (now in Bangladesh), Jagadish Chandra Bose made significant contributions to the field of physiology, particularly in the study of plants and their responses to various stimuli. His groundbreaking research and discoveries paved the way for modern physiological studies in India.

**Contributions and Achievements**
Dr. J.C. Bose conducted extensive research in the field of physiology and made several notable contributions, including:

1. **Demonstration of Plant Life**: Dr. Bose's experiments showcased that plants possess life and are capable of responding to stimuli such as light, heat, and sound. His experiments proved that plants have similar physiological responses to animals.

2. **Study of Plant Responses**: Through his research, Dr. Bose revealed the similarities between plants and animals in terms of their physiological responses. He studied various plant responses, such as growth, movement, and electrical signaling.

3. **Invention of Crescograph**: Dr. J.C. Bose invented the crescograph, a highly sensitive instrument that could measure small movements in plants. This device enabled him to study the growth and movement of plants with great accuracy.

4. **Discovery of Electrical Response**: Dr. Bose discovered that plants generate electrical responses to external stimuli, similar to the nervous system in animals. This finding challenged the prevailing belief that only animals possess a nervous system.

5. **Investigation of Mimosa Pudica**: Dr. J.C. Bose extensively studied the Mimosa pudica plant, commonly known as the sensitive plant. Through his experiments, he demonstrated the plant's unique ability to fold its leaves in response to touch or heat.

**Legacy**
Dr. Jagadish Chandra Bose's groundbreaking research and discoveries in the field of physiology laid the foundation for future generations of scientists in India. His work not only advanced the understanding of plant physiology but also contributed to the development of physiological studies in general. Dr. Bose's inventions and experiments continue to inspire researchers worldwide, and his contributions are celebrated in the field of science.

In conclusion, Dr. J.C. Bose is recognized as the father of physiology in India due to his remarkable contributions to the field. His research, inventions, and discoveries have significantly advanced our understanding of plant physiology and paved the way for modern physiological studies.

Sushruta, eminent for his work named ‘Sushruta Samhita’ or ‘The Compendium of Sushruta’.

The ‘Sushruta Samhita’ is of great historical importance because it includes historically unique chapters describing surgical training, instruments and different procedures of surgery.