explain the process of digestion in humans Related: Human Digestive System?
Related: Human Digestive System
Class 10 Question
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The human digestive system consists of the gastrointestinal tract plus the accessory organs of digestion (the tongue, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder). In this system, the process of digestion has many stages, the first of which starts in the mouth (oral cavity). Digestion involves the breakdown of food into smaller and smaller components, until they can be absorbed and assimilated into the body. The secretion of saliva helps to produce a bolus which can be swallowed to pass down the oesophagus and into the stomach.
Saliva also contains a catalytic enzyme called amylase which starts to act on food in the mouth. Another digestive enzyme called lingual lipase is secreted by some of the lingual papillae on the tongue and also from serous glands in the main salivary glands. Digestion is helped by the mastication of food by the teeth and also by the muscular actions of peristalsis and segmentation contractions. Gastric juice in the stomach is essential for the continuation of digestion as is the production of mucus in the stomach.
Peristalsis is the rhythmic contraction of muscles that begins in the oesophagus and continues along the wall of the stomach and the rest of the gastrointestinal tract. This initially results in the production of chyme which when fully broken down in the small intestine is absorbed as chyle into the lymphatic system. Most of the digestion of food takes place in the small intestine. Water and some minerals are reabsorbed back into the blood in the colon of the large intestine. The waste products of digestion (faeces) are defecated from the anus via the rectum.
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The digestive system is made up of the gastrointestinal tract—also called the GI tract or digestive tract—and the liver, pancreas, and gallbladder. The GI tract is a series of hollow organs joined in a long, twisting tube from the mouth to the anus. The hollow organs that make up the GI tract are the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus. The liver, pancreas, and gallbladder are the solid organs of the digestive system.
The small intestine has three parts. The first part is called the duodenum. The jejunum is in the middle and the ileum is at the end. The large intestine includes the appendix, cecum, colon, and rectum. The appendix is a finger-shaped pouch attached to the cecum. The cecum is the first part of the large intestine. The colon is next. The rectum is the end of the large intestine
The small intestine has three parts. The first part is called the duodenum. The jejunum is in the middle and the ileum is at the end. The large intestine includes the appendix, cecum, colon, and rectum. The appendix is a finger-shaped pouch attached to the cecum. The cecum is the first part of the large intestine. The colon is next. The rectum is the end of the large intestine
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Digestion involves the breakdown of food into smaller and smaller components, until they can be absorbed and assimilated into the body. The process of digestion has three stages. ... Saliva contains digestive enzymes called amylase, and lingual lipase, secreted by the salivary glands and serous glands on the tongue.
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Dear Student,
Complex components of food such as carbohydrates are broken down into simpler substances and are then utilized by the body. This process of breaking down of complex substances into simpler substances is known as digestion.
The human digestive system consists of a number of organs, each performing a different function.
In the digestive system, food first enters the buccal cavity. The buccal cavity consists of teeth and the tongue. Apart from the tongue and the teeth, the buccal cavity also has salivary glands, which secrete saliva. The enzymes present in saliva breakdown the fats or digest the starch present in the food we eat. The swallowed food passes into the oesophagus from the mouth. The oesophagus or the food pipe runs along the neck and chest. The walls of the food pipe move to push the food down into the stomach. After the food pipe, the food enters the stomach. The stomach is a thin-walled bag. It is flattened, U-shaped, and is the widest part of the alimentary canal. It opens into the small intestine. The inner lining of the stomach secretes hydrochloric acid, mucous, and digestive juices. The mucus secreted by the stomach protects the inner lining of the stomach. The hydrochloric acid secreted by the stomach kills the bacteria that enter the stomach through food. It also makes the medium of the stomach acidic. The digestive juices secreted by the stomach take part in the process of digestion by breaking down the food into smaller substances. The stomach empties its contents into the small intestine. The small intestine is a highly coiled, tube-like structure. It is about 7.5 metres in length. It receives secretions from the liver and the pancreas in the form of bile and pancreatic juice. Apart from this, the wall of the small intestine also secretes juices. When the partly digested food reaches the small intestine, the juices secreted by the small intestine complete the process of digestion.
Nutrients from the digested food pass into blood vessels, which are present in the walls of the small intestine. This process is known as absorption. From the small intestine, the food is passed on to the large intestine where the water and remaining salts gets absorbed. The remaining waste material then enters the rectum. It is stored there in the form of semi-solid faeces. The faecal material is finally removed from the body through the anus. This process is known as egestion.
Hope this helps,
Cheers!!
Complex components of food such as carbohydrates are broken down into simpler substances and are then utilized by the body. This process of breaking down of complex substances into simpler substances is known as digestion.
The human digestive system consists of a number of organs, each performing a different function.
In the digestive system, food first enters the buccal cavity. The buccal cavity consists of teeth and the tongue. Apart from the tongue and the teeth, the buccal cavity also has salivary glands, which secrete saliva. The enzymes present in saliva breakdown the fats or digest the starch present in the food we eat. The swallowed food passes into the oesophagus from the mouth. The oesophagus or the food pipe runs along the neck and chest. The walls of the food pipe move to push the food down into the stomach. After the food pipe, the food enters the stomach. The stomach is a thin-walled bag. It is flattened, U-shaped, and is the widest part of the alimentary canal. It opens into the small intestine. The inner lining of the stomach secretes hydrochloric acid, mucous, and digestive juices. The mucus secreted by the stomach protects the inner lining of the stomach. The hydrochloric acid secreted by the stomach kills the bacteria that enter the stomach through food. It also makes the medium of the stomach acidic. The digestive juices secreted by the stomach take part in the process of digestion by breaking down the food into smaller substances. The stomach empties its contents into the small intestine. The small intestine is a highly coiled, tube-like structure. It is about 7.5 metres in length. It receives secretions from the liver and the pancreas in the form of bile and pancreatic juice. Apart from this, the wall of the small intestine also secretes juices. When the partly digested food reaches the small intestine, the juices secreted by the small intestine complete the process of digestion.
Nutrients from the digested food pass into blood vessels, which are present in the walls of the small intestine. This process is known as absorption. From the small intestine, the food is passed on to the large intestine where the water and remaining salts gets absorbed. The remaining waste material then enters the rectum. It is stored there in the form of semi-solid faeces. The faecal material is finally removed from the body through the anus. This process is known as egestion.
Hope this helps,
Cheers!!
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Digestive Processes. The processes of digestion include six activities: ingestion, propulsion, mechanical or physical digestion, chemical digestion, absorption, and defecation. The first of these processes, ingestion, refers to the entry of food into the alimentary canal through the mouth.
There are four steps in the digestion process: ingestion, the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food, nutrient absorption, and elimination of indigestible food. The mechanical breakdown of food occurs via muscular contractions called peristalsis and segmentation.
Digestion begins in the mouth, well before food reaches the stomach. When we see, smell, taste, or even imagine a tasty meal, our salivary glands in front of the ear, under the tongue, and near the lower jaw begin making saliva (spit).
There are four steps in the digestion process: ingestion, the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food, nutrient absorption, and elimination of indigestible food. The mechanical breakdown of food occurs via muscular contractions called peristalsis and segmentation.
Digestion begins in the mouth, well before food reaches the stomach. When we see, smell, taste, or even imagine a tasty meal, our salivary glands in front of the ear, under the tongue, and near the lower jaw begin making saliva (spit).
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We will eat the food it goes through a process it will get mixed with saliva and it passes through food pipe and it reaches stomach it will release enzymes and the undigested materials will go to small intestine and there intestine will absorb salt and passes through large intestine and to anus and it goes out
This the digestion so easy
Peace out $
This the digestion so easy
Peace out $
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Basically we are holozoic mode of nutrition so, firstly we have to make that complexe food into simplest form. and these functions are performed by various type of enzymes. the enzyme which helps in the break down of carbohydrates into glucose that enzyme is secreted by salivary gland and which enzyme is known as salivary amylase. and the enzyme which helps in the break down of protein into amino acid that enzyme is secreted by gastric gland known as pepsin. and the enzyme which helps in the break down of fats into fatty acid is secreted by pancreas known as lipase.
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The human digestive system consists of the gastrointestinal tract plus the accessory organs of digestion (the tongue, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder). Digestion involves the breakdown of food into smaller and smaller components, until they can be absorbed and assimilated into the body. The process of digestion has three stages. The first stage is the cephalic phase of digestion which begins with gastric secretions in response to the sight and smell of food. This stage includes the mechanical breakdown of food by chewing, and the chemical breakdown by digestive enzymes, that takes place in the mouth.contains digestive enzymes called amylase, and lingual lipase, secreted by the salivary glands and serous glands on the tongue. The enzymes start to break down the food in the mouth. Chewing, in which the food is mixed with saliva, begins the mechanical process of digestion. This produces a bolus which can be swallowed down the esophagus to enter the stomach. In the stomach the gastric phase of digestion takes place. The food is further broken down by mixing with gastric acid until it passes into the duodenum, in the third intestinal phase of digestion, where it is mixed with a number of enzymes produced by the pancreas. Digestion is helped by the chewing of food carried out by the muscles of mastication, the tongue, and the teeth, and also by the contractions of peristalsis, and segmentation. Gastric acid, and the production of mucus in the stomach, are essential for the continuation of digestion.
Peristalsis is the rhythmic contraction of muscles that begins in the esophagus and continues along the wall of the stomach and the rest of the gastrointestinal tract. This initially results in the production of chyme which when fully broken down in the small intestine is absorbed as chyle into the lymphatic system. Most of the digestion of food takes place in the small intestine. Water and some minerals are reabsorbed back into the blood in the colon of the large intestine. The waste products of digestion (feces) are defecated from the anus via the rectum.
Peristalsis is the rhythmic contraction of muscles that begins in the esophagus and continues along the wall of the stomach and the rest of the gastrointestinal tract. This initially results in the production of chyme which when fully broken down in the small intestine is absorbed as chyle into the lymphatic system. Most of the digestion of food takes place in the small intestine. Water and some minerals are reabsorbed back into the blood in the colon of the large intestine. The waste products of digestion (feces) are defecated from the anus via the rectum.
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मानव के पाचन तंत्र में एक आहार-नाल और सहयोगी ग्रंथियाँ (यकृत, अग्न्याशय आदि
आहार-नाल, मुखगुहा, ग्रसनी, ग्रसिका, आमाशय, छोटी आंत, बड़ी आंत, मलाशय और मलद्वार से बनी होती है। सहायक पाचन ग्रंथियों में लार ग्रंथि, यकृत, पित्ताशय और अग्नाशय हैं।
आहार पदार्थों के विशेष घटक प्रोटीन, कार्बोहाइड्रेट, वसा, विटामिन, खनिज लवण और जल हैं। सभी खाद्य पदार्थ इन्हीं घटकों से बने रहते हैं। किसी में कोई घटक अधिक होता है, कोई कम। हमारा शरीर भी इन्हीं अवयवों का बना हुआ है। शरीर का 2/3 भाग जल है। प्रोटीन शरीर की मुख्य वस्तु है, जिससे अंग बनते हैं। कार्बोहाइड्रेट ग्लूकोज़ के रूप में शरीर में रहता है, जिसकी मांसपेशियों को सदा आवश्यकता होती है। वसा की भी अत्यधिक मात्रा शरीर में एकत्र रहती है। विटामिन और लवणों की आवश्यकता शरीर की क्रियाओं के उचित संपादन के लिये होती हैं। हमारा शरीर ये सब वस्तुएँ आहार से ही प्राप्त करता है। हाँ, आहार से मिलने वाले अवयवों का रासायनिक रूप शरीर के अवयवों के रूप से भिन्न होता है। अतएव आहार के अवयवों को शरीर पाचक रसों द्वारा उनके सूक्ष्म घटकों में विघटित कर देता है और उन घटकों का फिर से संश्लेषण करके अपने लिये उपयुक्त अवयवों को तैयार कर लेता है। यह काम अंगों की कोशिकाएँ करती हैं। जो घटक उपयोगी नहीं होते, उनको ये छोड़ देती हैं। शरीर ऐसे पदार्थों को मल, मूत्र, स्वेद और श्वास द्वारा बाहर निकाल देता है।
पाचन का प्रयोजन है आहार के गूढ़ अवयवों को साधारण घटकों में विभक्त कर देना। यह कार्य मुँह में लार रस द्वारा, आमाशय में जठर रस द्वारा, ग्रहणी में अग्न्याशय रस (pancreatic juice) तथा पित्त (bile) द्वारा और क्षुंदात्र में आंत्ररस (succus entericus) द्वारा संपादित होता है। इन कार्यों का यहाँ संक्षेप में वर्णन किया जाता है :
मुख में आहार दाँतों द्वारा चबाकर सूक्ष्म कणों में विभक्त किया जाता है और उसमें लार मिलता रहता हैं, जिसमें टायलिन (Ptylin) नामक एंज़ाइम मिला रहता है। यह रस मुँह के बाहर स्थित कपोलग्रंथि और अधोहन्वीय तथा अधोजिह्व ग्रंथियों में बनता हैं। इन ग्रंथियों से, विशेषकर आहार को चबाते समय उनकी वाहनियों द्वारा, लार रस मुँह में आता रहता है। इसकी क्रिया क्षारीय होती है। उसके टायलिन एंजाइम की रासायनिक क्रिया विशेषकर कार्बोहाइड्रेट पर होती हैं, जिससे उसका स्टार्च पहले डेक्सट्रिन (dextrin) में और तत्पश्चात् ग्लूकोज़ में परिवर्तित हो जाता है। साधारण ईख की चीनी में भी यही परिवर्तन होता है। आहार के ग्रास को गीला और स्निग्ध करना भी लार का मुख्य कार्य हैं, जिससे वह सहज में निगला जा सके और पतला ग्रास नाल में होता हुआ आमाशय में पहुँच जाय।
निगलने (deglutition) की क्रिया मुख के भीतर जिह्वा की पेशियों तथा ग्रसनी की पेशियों द्वारा होती है। जिह्वा की पेशियों के संकोच से जिह्वा ऊपर को उठकर तालु और जिह्वापृष्ठ पर रखे हुए ग्रास को दबाती है, जो वहाँ से फिसलकर पीछे ग्रसनी से चला जाता है। तुरंत ग्रसनी की पेशियाँ संकोच करती हैं और ग्रास घांटीढक्कन (epiglottis) पर होता हुआ ग्रासनली (oesophagus) में चला जाता है, जहाँ उसकी भित्तियों में स्थित वृत्ताकार और अनुदैर्घ्य सूत्र अपने संकोच और विस्तार से उत्पन्न हुई आंत्रगति द्वारा उसको नाल के अंत तक पहुँचा देते हैं। और ग्रास जठरद्वार द्वारा आमाशय में प्रवेश करता है।
आमाशय में पाचन की क्रिया जठररस द्वारा होती है। आमाशय की श्लेष्मल कला की ग्रंथियाँ यह रस उत्पन्न करती हैं। जब आहार आमाशय में पहुँचता है तो यह रस चारों ओर की ग्रंथियों से आमाशय में ऐसी तीव्र गति से प्रवाहित होने लगता है जैसे उसको उंडेला जा रहा हो। इस रस के दो मुख्य अवयव पेप्सिन (pepsin) नामक एंज़ाइम और हाइड्रोक्लोरिक अम्ल होते हैं। पेप्सिन की विशेष क्रिया प्रोटीनों पर होती है, जिसमें हाइड्रोक्लोरिक अम्ल सहायता करता है। इस क्रिया से प्रोटीन पहले फूल जाता है और फिर बाहर से गलने लगता है। इस कारण ग्रास का भीतर का भाग देर से गलता है। इसमें लार के टाइलिन एंज़ाइम की क्रिया उस समय तक होती रहती है जब तक लार का सारा क्षार आमाशय के आम्लिक रस द्वारा उदासीन नहीं हो जाता।
जठरीय रस की क्रिया द्वारा प्रोटीन से पहले मेटाप्रोटीन बनता है। फिर यह प्रोटियोज़ेज़े (protioses) में बदल जाता है। प्रोटियोज़ेज़ फिर पेप्टोन (peptone) में टूट जाते हैं। इससे अधिक परिवर्तन नहीं होता।
जठरीय रस में दो और एंज़ाइम भी होते हैं, जिनको ऐमाइलेज़ (amylase) और लायपेज़ (lypase) कहते हैं। ऐमायलेज़ कारबोहाइड्रेट को गलाता है और लायपेज़ वसा को। इस में दूध को फाड़नेवाला एक और एंज़ाइम रेनिन (renin) भी होता है। इसमें हलकी जीवाणुनाशक शक्ति भी होती है।
जठरीय रस का स्राव मुख्यतया तंत्रिकामंडल के अधीन है। शरीरक्रिया विज्ञान के विख्यात रूसी विद्वान पैवलॉफ़ (Pavlov) के प्रयोगों ने इस संबंध में बहुत प्रकाश डाला है। उनसे प्रमाणित हो चुका है कि आहार पदार्थों की सुंगध नाक से सूँघने और उनको नेत्रों से देखने से रस का स्राव होने लगता है। यही कारण है कि उत्तम आहार पदार्थों के बनने की गंध से ही भूख मालूम होने लगती है तथा उनको देखने से क्षुधा बढ़ जाती है। जीभ पर लगाने से तुरंत खाने की इच्छा होती है। यदि आहार पदार्थ उत्तम या रुचिकर नहीं होते तो भूख मर जाती है। ऐसे आहार का पाचन भी उत्तम रीति से नहीं होता। उससे रस का स्राव भी कम होता है। जठरीय रस की क्रिया विशेषकर प्रोटीन पर होती है। मांस, अंडा, मछली, दूध के पदार्थों आदि के आमाशय में पहुँचने पर रस का स्राव होता हैं। नमक, बरफ या कंकड़ आदि खाने को दिए जायें तो स्राव नहीं होगा।
पाचन से अग्न्याशय (pancreas) और यकृत इन दो बड़ी ग्रंथियों का बहुत संबंध है। अग्न्याशय में अग्न्याशय रस बनता है। यह बहुत ही प्रबल पाचक रस है, जिसकी क्रिया प्रोटीन, कार्बोहाइड्रेट तथा वसा तीनों घटकों पर होती है। इसका निर्माण अग्न्याशय ग्रंथि की कोशिकाओं द्वारा होता है और सारे अग्न्याशय से एकत्र होकर यह रस एक वाहिनी द्वारा ग्रहणी में पहुँचता है। पिताशय से पित्त को लानेवाली वाहिनी इस अग्न्याशयवाहिनी से मिलकर सामान्य पित्तवाहिनी (bile duct) बन जाती है। उसी के मुख द्वारा अग्न्याशय और पित्त, दोनों रस, ग्रहणी में पहुँचते रहते हैं।
अग्न्याशयी ग्रंथि उदर में बाईं ओर आमाशय के पीछे स्थित है। इसका बड़ा सिर ग्रहणी के मोड़ में रहता है और उसकी पूँछ बाईं ओर प्लीहा तक चली गई है। इसका रंग कुछ मटमैला भूरा सा होता है। इसके सूक्ष्म भाग शहतूत के दानों के समान उठे हुए दिखाई पड़ते हैं।
अग्न्याशय रस की प्रबल क्रिया विशेषकर प्रोटीन पर होती है। उससे प्रोटीन बिना फूले हुए ही घुलने लगता है। इस रस की क्रिया क्षारीय होती है। इस कारण पहले क्षारीय मेटाप्रोटीन बनती है। तब मेटाप्रोटीन से प्रोटियोज़ बनते हैं। प्रोटियोज़ फिर पेप्टोन में परिवर्तित हो जाते हैं। अंत में पेप्टोन के विभंजन से ऐमिनो अम्ल (amino acids) बन जाते हैं, जो प्रोटीन के पाचन के अंतिम उत्पाद (end products) होते हैं। आमाशय से प्रोटीनों के पाचन के फलस्वरूप जो पेप्टोन आते हैं, वे भी ऐमिनो अम्लों में टूट जाते हैं।
अग्न्याशय रस के स्राव पर तंत्रिका मंडल का कोई नियंत्रण नहीं है। तंत्रिकाओं के उत्तेजन से रस की उत्पत्ति कम या अधिक नहीं होती। रस की उत्पत्ति उस समय प्रारंभ होती है जब आमाशय में पाचित आहार, जो अर्ध द्रव रूप का होता है, आमाशय से पायलोरिक छिद्र द्वारा निकलकर ग्रहणी (duodenum) में आता है। इस आम्लिक काइंम (chyme) के संपर्क से ग्रहणी को श्लेष्मल स्तर की कोशिकाओं में सिक्रेटिन (secretin) नामक रासायनिक वस्तु उत्पन्न होती है। यह वस्तु रक्त द्वारा अग्न्याशय की कोशिकाओं में पहुँचकर उनको रस बनाने के लिये उत्तेजित करती है और तब रस बनकर ग्रहणी में आने लगता है।
इस रस की दूसरी विशेषता यह है कि यदि ग्रहणी में पहुँचने से पूर्व ही अग्न्याशय की नलिका में इस रस को एकत्र कर लिया जाय, तो वह निष्क्रिय रहता है। उसकी प्रोटीन पर कोई क्रिया नहीं होती। जब वह ग्रहणी में आने पर आंत्रिक रस के साथ मिल जाता है, तभी उसमें प्रोटीन विघटित करने की प्रबल शक्ति उत्पन्न होती है। यह माना जाता है कि आंत्रिक रस का एंटेरोकाइनेज (enterokinase) नामक एंज़ाइम उसको सक्रिय कर देता है।
आहार-नाल, मुखगुहा, ग्रसनी, ग्रसिका, आमाशय, छोटी आंत, बड़ी आंत, मलाशय और मलद्वार से बनी होती है। सहायक पाचन ग्रंथियों में लार ग्रंथि, यकृत, पित्ताशय और अग्नाशय हैं।
आहार पदार्थों के विशेष घटक प्रोटीन, कार्बोहाइड्रेट, वसा, विटामिन, खनिज लवण और जल हैं। सभी खाद्य पदार्थ इन्हीं घटकों से बने रहते हैं। किसी में कोई घटक अधिक होता है, कोई कम। हमारा शरीर भी इन्हीं अवयवों का बना हुआ है। शरीर का 2/3 भाग जल है। प्रोटीन शरीर की मुख्य वस्तु है, जिससे अंग बनते हैं। कार्बोहाइड्रेट ग्लूकोज़ के रूप में शरीर में रहता है, जिसकी मांसपेशियों को सदा आवश्यकता होती है। वसा की भी अत्यधिक मात्रा शरीर में एकत्र रहती है। विटामिन और लवणों की आवश्यकता शरीर की क्रियाओं के उचित संपादन के लिये होती हैं। हमारा शरीर ये सब वस्तुएँ आहार से ही प्राप्त करता है। हाँ, आहार से मिलने वाले अवयवों का रासायनिक रूप शरीर के अवयवों के रूप से भिन्न होता है। अतएव आहार के अवयवों को शरीर पाचक रसों द्वारा उनके सूक्ष्म घटकों में विघटित कर देता है और उन घटकों का फिर से संश्लेषण करके अपने लिये उपयुक्त अवयवों को तैयार कर लेता है। यह काम अंगों की कोशिकाएँ करती हैं। जो घटक उपयोगी नहीं होते, उनको ये छोड़ देती हैं। शरीर ऐसे पदार्थों को मल, मूत्र, स्वेद और श्वास द्वारा बाहर निकाल देता है।
पाचन का प्रयोजन है आहार के गूढ़ अवयवों को साधारण घटकों में विभक्त कर देना। यह कार्य मुँह में लार रस द्वारा, आमाशय में जठर रस द्वारा, ग्रहणी में अग्न्याशय रस (pancreatic juice) तथा पित्त (bile) द्वारा और क्षुंदात्र में आंत्ररस (succus entericus) द्वारा संपादित होता है। इन कार्यों का यहाँ संक्षेप में वर्णन किया जाता है :
मुख में आहार दाँतों द्वारा चबाकर सूक्ष्म कणों में विभक्त किया जाता है और उसमें लार मिलता रहता हैं, जिसमें टायलिन (Ptylin) नामक एंज़ाइम मिला रहता है। यह रस मुँह के बाहर स्थित कपोलग्रंथि और अधोहन्वीय तथा अधोजिह्व ग्रंथियों में बनता हैं। इन ग्रंथियों से, विशेषकर आहार को चबाते समय उनकी वाहनियों द्वारा, लार रस मुँह में आता रहता है। इसकी क्रिया क्षारीय होती है। उसके टायलिन एंजाइम की रासायनिक क्रिया विशेषकर कार्बोहाइड्रेट पर होती हैं, जिससे उसका स्टार्च पहले डेक्सट्रिन (dextrin) में और तत्पश्चात् ग्लूकोज़ में परिवर्तित हो जाता है। साधारण ईख की चीनी में भी यही परिवर्तन होता है। आहार के ग्रास को गीला और स्निग्ध करना भी लार का मुख्य कार्य हैं, जिससे वह सहज में निगला जा सके और पतला ग्रास नाल में होता हुआ आमाशय में पहुँच जाय।
निगलने (deglutition) की क्रिया मुख के भीतर जिह्वा की पेशियों तथा ग्रसनी की पेशियों द्वारा होती है। जिह्वा की पेशियों के संकोच से जिह्वा ऊपर को उठकर तालु और जिह्वापृष्ठ पर रखे हुए ग्रास को दबाती है, जो वहाँ से फिसलकर पीछे ग्रसनी से चला जाता है। तुरंत ग्रसनी की पेशियाँ संकोच करती हैं और ग्रास घांटीढक्कन (epiglottis) पर होता हुआ ग्रासनली (oesophagus) में चला जाता है, जहाँ उसकी भित्तियों में स्थित वृत्ताकार और अनुदैर्घ्य सूत्र अपने संकोच और विस्तार से उत्पन्न हुई आंत्रगति द्वारा उसको नाल के अंत तक पहुँचा देते हैं। और ग्रास जठरद्वार द्वारा आमाशय में प्रवेश करता है।
आमाशय में पाचन की क्रिया जठररस द्वारा होती है। आमाशय की श्लेष्मल कला की ग्रंथियाँ यह रस उत्पन्न करती हैं। जब आहार आमाशय में पहुँचता है तो यह रस चारों ओर की ग्रंथियों से आमाशय में ऐसी तीव्र गति से प्रवाहित होने लगता है जैसे उसको उंडेला जा रहा हो। इस रस के दो मुख्य अवयव पेप्सिन (pepsin) नामक एंज़ाइम और हाइड्रोक्लोरिक अम्ल होते हैं। पेप्सिन की विशेष क्रिया प्रोटीनों पर होती है, जिसमें हाइड्रोक्लोरिक अम्ल सहायता करता है। इस क्रिया से प्रोटीन पहले फूल जाता है और फिर बाहर से गलने लगता है। इस कारण ग्रास का भीतर का भाग देर से गलता है। इसमें लार के टाइलिन एंज़ाइम की क्रिया उस समय तक होती रहती है जब तक लार का सारा क्षार आमाशय के आम्लिक रस द्वारा उदासीन नहीं हो जाता।
जठरीय रस की क्रिया द्वारा प्रोटीन से पहले मेटाप्रोटीन बनता है। फिर यह प्रोटियोज़ेज़े (protioses) में बदल जाता है। प्रोटियोज़ेज़ फिर पेप्टोन (peptone) में टूट जाते हैं। इससे अधिक परिवर्तन नहीं होता।
जठरीय रस में दो और एंज़ाइम भी होते हैं, जिनको ऐमाइलेज़ (amylase) और लायपेज़ (lypase) कहते हैं। ऐमायलेज़ कारबोहाइड्रेट को गलाता है और लायपेज़ वसा को। इस में दूध को फाड़नेवाला एक और एंज़ाइम रेनिन (renin) भी होता है। इसमें हलकी जीवाणुनाशक शक्ति भी होती है।
जठरीय रस का स्राव मुख्यतया तंत्रिकामंडल के अधीन है। शरीरक्रिया विज्ञान के विख्यात रूसी विद्वान पैवलॉफ़ (Pavlov) के प्रयोगों ने इस संबंध में बहुत प्रकाश डाला है। उनसे प्रमाणित हो चुका है कि आहार पदार्थों की सुंगध नाक से सूँघने और उनको नेत्रों से देखने से रस का स्राव होने लगता है। यही कारण है कि उत्तम आहार पदार्थों के बनने की गंध से ही भूख मालूम होने लगती है तथा उनको देखने से क्षुधा बढ़ जाती है। जीभ पर लगाने से तुरंत खाने की इच्छा होती है। यदि आहार पदार्थ उत्तम या रुचिकर नहीं होते तो भूख मर जाती है। ऐसे आहार का पाचन भी उत्तम रीति से नहीं होता। उससे रस का स्राव भी कम होता है। जठरीय रस की क्रिया विशेषकर प्रोटीन पर होती है। मांस, अंडा, मछली, दूध के पदार्थों आदि के आमाशय में पहुँचने पर रस का स्राव होता हैं। नमक, बरफ या कंकड़ आदि खाने को दिए जायें तो स्राव नहीं होगा।
पाचन से अग्न्याशय (pancreas) और यकृत इन दो बड़ी ग्रंथियों का बहुत संबंध है। अग्न्याशय में अग्न्याशय रस बनता है। यह बहुत ही प्रबल पाचक रस है, जिसकी क्रिया प्रोटीन, कार्बोहाइड्रेट तथा वसा तीनों घटकों पर होती है। इसका निर्माण अग्न्याशय ग्रंथि की कोशिकाओं द्वारा होता है और सारे अग्न्याशय से एकत्र होकर यह रस एक वाहिनी द्वारा ग्रहणी में पहुँचता है। पिताशय से पित्त को लानेवाली वाहिनी इस अग्न्याशयवाहिनी से मिलकर सामान्य पित्तवाहिनी (bile duct) बन जाती है। उसी के मुख द्वारा अग्न्याशय और पित्त, दोनों रस, ग्रहणी में पहुँचते रहते हैं।
अग्न्याशयी ग्रंथि उदर में बाईं ओर आमाशय के पीछे स्थित है। इसका बड़ा सिर ग्रहणी के मोड़ में रहता है और उसकी पूँछ बाईं ओर प्लीहा तक चली गई है। इसका रंग कुछ मटमैला भूरा सा होता है। इसके सूक्ष्म भाग शहतूत के दानों के समान उठे हुए दिखाई पड़ते हैं।
अग्न्याशय रस की प्रबल क्रिया विशेषकर प्रोटीन पर होती है। उससे प्रोटीन बिना फूले हुए ही घुलने लगता है। इस रस की क्रिया क्षारीय होती है। इस कारण पहले क्षारीय मेटाप्रोटीन बनती है। तब मेटाप्रोटीन से प्रोटियोज़ बनते हैं। प्रोटियोज़ फिर पेप्टोन में परिवर्तित हो जाते हैं। अंत में पेप्टोन के विभंजन से ऐमिनो अम्ल (amino acids) बन जाते हैं, जो प्रोटीन के पाचन के अंतिम उत्पाद (end products) होते हैं। आमाशय से प्रोटीनों के पाचन के फलस्वरूप जो पेप्टोन आते हैं, वे भी ऐमिनो अम्लों में टूट जाते हैं।
अग्न्याशय रस के स्राव पर तंत्रिका मंडल का कोई नियंत्रण नहीं है। तंत्रिकाओं के उत्तेजन से रस की उत्पत्ति कम या अधिक नहीं होती। रस की उत्पत्ति उस समय प्रारंभ होती है जब आमाशय में पाचित आहार, जो अर्ध द्रव रूप का होता है, आमाशय से पायलोरिक छिद्र द्वारा निकलकर ग्रहणी (duodenum) में आता है। इस आम्लिक काइंम (chyme) के संपर्क से ग्रहणी को श्लेष्मल स्तर की कोशिकाओं में सिक्रेटिन (secretin) नामक रासायनिक वस्तु उत्पन्न होती है। यह वस्तु रक्त द्वारा अग्न्याशय की कोशिकाओं में पहुँचकर उनको रस बनाने के लिये उत्तेजित करती है और तब रस बनकर ग्रहणी में आने लगता है।
इस रस की दूसरी विशेषता यह है कि यदि ग्रहणी में पहुँचने से पूर्व ही अग्न्याशय की नलिका में इस रस को एकत्र कर लिया जाय, तो वह निष्क्रिय रहता है। उसकी प्रोटीन पर कोई क्रिया नहीं होती। जब वह ग्रहणी में आने पर आंत्रिक रस के साथ मिल जाता है, तभी उसमें प्रोटीन विघटित करने की प्रबल शक्ति उत्पन्न होती है। यह माना जाता है कि आंत्रिक रस का एंटेरोकाइनेज (enterokinase) नामक एंज़ाइम उसको सक्रिय कर देता है।
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Simply a process of breakdown of food into simpler substances.Food contains nutrients and nutrients are present in the form of complex substances.
food contains fat,proteins and carbohydrates which are present in complex form called macromolecules.
food firstly goes in mouth where teeth,salivary gland and tongue do there work .
In oesophagus peristaltic movement (contraction and expansion movement) occurs,and food goes into stomach.
In stomach contraction and expansion occurs and it causes churning of food and forms a semi - solid paste.In stomach 1.inactive enzyme convert into active form.
2.Digestion of protein occurs but not completely.
3.small amount of fat digestion.
Partial digested food is called CHYME.now this chyme moves to small intestine . complete digestion occurs here.Small intestine contains 1.liver 2.pancreas 3.Intestinal glands
Intestinal juices cause complete digestion of food.
food contains fat,proteins and carbohydrates which are present in complex form called macromolecules.
food firstly goes in mouth where teeth,salivary gland and tongue do there work .
In oesophagus peristaltic movement (contraction and expansion movement) occurs,and food goes into stomach.
In stomach contraction and expansion occurs and it causes churning of food and forms a semi - solid paste.In stomach 1.inactive enzyme convert into active form.
2.Digestion of protein occurs but not completely.
3.small amount of fat digestion.
Partial digested food is called CHYME.now this chyme moves to small intestine . complete digestion occurs here.Small intestine contains 1.liver 2.pancreas 3.Intestinal glands
Intestinal juices cause complete digestion of food.
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Digestive Processes. The processes of digestion include six activities: ingestion, propulsion, mechanical or physical digestion, chemical digestion, absorption, and defecation. The first of these processes, ingestion, refers to the entry of food into the alimentary canal through the mouth.
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Digestion in humans
Digestion is a metabolic process in which the complex particles of food change into small particles making them able to absorb in our blood. It is done in the alimentary canal with the help of different digestive juices. To understand easily we can divided the process of digestion and absorption of food in the following four segments :
a. Digestion in the mouth : After placing the food in the mouth, it is chewed with the help of teeth being supported by the tongue. The tongue turns the good and mixes it with saliva produced by the salivary glands. saliva has ptyalin/amylase which change starch into maltose. Now the chewed food is swallowed to the stomach through the esophagus in the form of small balls called bolus.
b. Digestion in the stomach : When the bolus come to the stomach is churned by the walls of the stomach and mixed with dil.hcl and gastric juice. HCL kills some harmful germs and make the medium of the food acidic, which is required for the digestion of protein. Gastric juice has two enzymes called as pepsin and renin. Pepsin change into peptones and renin changes milk protein into casein. Now, the food becomes about semi-fluid called chime.
Digestion in duodenum : The chyme passes gradually through the duodenum. Here, it is digested by bile juice and pancreatic juice. Bile juice is the secretion of the liver and it has no enzymes. It neutralize acid and emulsifies fat .
Digestion in the small intestine : Now the food comes in the small intestine where it is digested by the intestinal juice produced by the intestinal gland. The intestinal juice contains erepsin, sucrose and maltose. In this way food digested by completely here and the nutrients are absorbed through the villi found at the inner surface of the small intestine.
Digestion is a metabolic process in which the complex particles of food change into small particles making them able to absorb in our blood. It is done in the alimentary canal with the help of different digestive juices. To understand easily we can divided the process of digestion and absorption of food in the following four segments :
a. Digestion in the mouth : After placing the food in the mouth, it is chewed with the help of teeth being supported by the tongue. The tongue turns the good and mixes it with saliva produced by the salivary glands. saliva has ptyalin/amylase which change starch into maltose. Now the chewed food is swallowed to the stomach through the esophagus in the form of small balls called bolus.
b. Digestion in the stomach : When the bolus come to the stomach is churned by the walls of the stomach and mixed with dil.hcl and gastric juice. HCL kills some harmful germs and make the medium of the food acidic, which is required for the digestion of protein. Gastric juice has two enzymes called as pepsin and renin. Pepsin change into peptones and renin changes milk protein into casein. Now, the food becomes about semi-fluid called chime.
Digestion in duodenum : The chyme passes gradually through the duodenum. Here, it is digested by bile juice and pancreatic juice. Bile juice is the secretion of the liver and it has no enzymes. It neutralize acid and emulsifies fat .
Digestion in the small intestine : Now the food comes in the small intestine where it is digested by the intestinal juice produced by the intestinal gland. The intestinal juice contains erepsin, sucrose and maltose. In this way food digested by completely here and the nutrients are absorbed through the villi found at the inner surface of the small intestine.
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Human digestive system is a unique and well well organized place for digestion of food
First food is taken inside the mouth . Our teeth inside the mouth grind the food with the help of saliva and thus help in physical digestive of food Now food goes through the alimentary canal to the stomach. It's a place where food stays for a long period of time. There, many gastric juices are released by the stomach wall in order to make food alkaline . After that Enzymes from pancreas and gall bladder released to act upon the food .
First food is taken inside the mouth . Our teeth inside the mouth grind the food with the help of saliva and thus help in physical digestive of food Now food goes through the alimentary canal to the stomach. It's a place where food stays for a long period of time. There, many gastric juices are released by the stomach wall in order to make food alkaline . After that Enzymes from pancreas and gall bladder released to act upon the food .
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- Humans have holozoic nutrition, that means the food is consumed as a whole and the digestion occurs internally. It can be described as:
1. Ingestion of food- The food is taken in the oral cavity in the process called the ingestion. The teeth help in grinding of the food, salivary amylase helps in partial breakdown of the starch and the tongue helps in mixing the food with saliva and helps in swallowing it. The food is now called bolus.
2. Digestion- The process of break-down of complex substances into simpler substances is called digestion and it starts with the mouth where physical break-down occurs along with some chemical digestion. The bolus is swallowed in and it arrives in stomach where the digestion of proteins occurs due to presence of the enzyme pepsin. Bolus is now called the chyme. This chyme now moves into the small intestine where rest of the process of digestion will be completed. The pancreatic juice, the intestinal juice and the bile will result in breakdown of carbohydrates, fats and the rest of the proteins. The chyme is now called the chyle and it moves to the large intestine where the water is absorbed.
3. Absorption- The digested food is absorbed via the finger-like projections present on the inner surface of the small-intestine and the reach the blood stream.
4. Assimilation- The absorbed food is then used by different tissues for the energy generation. The excess food is stored as glycogen in the liver and s fats in adipose tissue.
5. Excretion- The undigested material passes from the small-intestine to the rectum of the large-intestine, from where it is removed from the body through anus.
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This question has been answered by more than 50 guys here , don't u see all the answers and 1000 of upvotes of the guys and girls who answered
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The process of digestion is known as alimentary canal. There are five steps to be follows - ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation and egestion. The intake of food and chewing on come to salivary glands to produce saliva to mix up is called bolus. When the food inside get to pharlyx, still the food to pass through oesophagus and it pateltic movement (when the food to broke down in big size to pass through the food pipe) the food inside the stomach.It is in the presence in acid- HCl, pepsin and mucus. HCL work as break down to food as acid, pepsin made up of amino acids and mucus to protect as inner lining of the stomach. Liver produce to the bile juice, bile salts and gall bladder to store bile juice.Pancreatic enzymes like trypsin and lipase. Trypsin Break to protein and lipase break to fatty acid and glycerol. After, the food inside of small intestine. Small intestine like projection figure called villi. Villi work to nutrients absorption to do and blood vessels through oxygen transport into the body. Large intestine work as outside of the waste products and anus excess the excretion.
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Digestions starts with mouth.there r enzymes like salivary amylase .it act on food and breaks into small pieces.
through oesophagus it passes to stomach
HCl ,pancreatic juice and bile acts on food .
finally complete digestion occurs in small intestine
all nutrients absorbed thereand rest passes to large intestine .
through oesophagus it passes to stomach
HCl ,pancreatic juice and bile acts on food .
finally complete digestion occurs in small intestine
all nutrients absorbed thereand rest passes to large intestine .
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Digestion in human body starts from the mouth.In mouth we have 4 types of teeth are there
•Incisors
•Canines
•Premolars
•Molar.
These teeth helps in cutting, grinding, crushing and tearing of food in mouth.We also has tongue which has several taste buds like sour, bitter, salt and sweet. Tongue helps in swallowing of food into the food pipe
In mouth we have salivary gland which secretes saliva.This saliva contain salivary amlayze which broke down the starch present in the food into simpler forms.Then this food is swallowed into the food pipe or oesophagus
through pharynx which is a common passageway for food and air.In oesophagus the food goes to the stomach through peristalsis movement(which is a wave like movement).Then food enters the stomach where the food is mixed with Hydrochloric acid and pepsin which will broken down the proteins in the food.Also Hydrochloric acid helps in killing of germs in the food and also it helps in activating the inactive pepsin into activated form.In stomach food is called as chyme.The stomach is protected by the mucous lining or else the hydrochloric acid makes holes on the stomach.Then food goes to the small intestine and enters in its first part known as duodenum where it receives the secretion from liver and the pancreas. Liver gave its bile juice which is stored in the gallbladder bladder and pancreas gave the pancreatic juice.The bile juice digest the fats present in the food and pancreas break down the fats, proteins, and the carbohydrates.Fats is broken down into glycerol and fatty acids.Proteins is broken down into amino acids and carbohydrates is broken down into glucose by trypsin,lipase and sucrose.The bile also helps in neutralizing the Hydrochloric acid present in the food.The stomach has small finger like projection called as villi which increase the surface area and also it is surrounded by blood capillaries which helps in the food absorption the important things present in the food will taken by this villi and given back to the blood capillaries which is then taken to all parts of the body.Then the food enters to the large intestine where large intestine all the extra water and minerals from the food and then it goes to rectum where it turns into foeases and removed out of the body through anus and this process is called as excretion.
•Incisors
•Canines
•Premolars
•Molar.
These teeth helps in cutting, grinding, crushing and tearing of food in mouth.We also has tongue which has several taste buds like sour, bitter, salt and sweet. Tongue helps in swallowing of food into the food pipe
In mouth we have salivary gland which secretes saliva.This saliva contain salivary amlayze which broke down the starch present in the food into simpler forms.Then this food is swallowed into the food pipe or oesophagus
through pharynx which is a common passageway for food and air.In oesophagus the food goes to the stomach through peristalsis movement(which is a wave like movement).Then food enters the stomach where the food is mixed with Hydrochloric acid and pepsin which will broken down the proteins in the food.Also Hydrochloric acid helps in killing of germs in the food and also it helps in activating the inactive pepsin into activated form.In stomach food is called as chyme.The stomach is protected by the mucous lining or else the hydrochloric acid makes holes on the stomach.Then food goes to the small intestine and enters in its first part known as duodenum where it receives the secretion from liver and the pancreas. Liver gave its bile juice which is stored in the gallbladder bladder and pancreas gave the pancreatic juice.The bile juice digest the fats present in the food and pancreas break down the fats, proteins, and the carbohydrates.Fats is broken down into glycerol and fatty acids.Proteins is broken down into amino acids and carbohydrates is broken down into glucose by trypsin,lipase and sucrose.The bile also helps in neutralizing the Hydrochloric acid present in the food.The stomach has small finger like projection called as villi which increase the surface area and also it is surrounded by blood capillaries which helps in the food absorption the important things present in the food will taken by this villi and given back to the blood capillaries which is then taken to all parts of the body.Then the food enters to the large intestine where large intestine all the extra water and minerals from the food and then it goes to rectum where it turns into foeases and removed out of the body through anus and this process is called as excretion.
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Nothing to worry
first we take food through our mouth ,our mouth grind the food into semi solid paste thus the digestion in humans starts from our mouth.in mouth a secretion salivary amylase digest the food in mouth,then the food enters into large intestine through oseophagus bg peristaltic movement.(process known as peristalsis).in our li(large intestine)the protiens will be digested.
their are three secretion in large intestine.
1. hcl
2.enzyme pepsin
3. mucus
hcl secret the acid ,which make the pepsin to act on food .mucus protects the innerling of li from the erosion of acid. thus the enzyme pepsin will act only in the presence of hcl.therefore their r two role of hcl in the large intestine
1. to stimulate pepsin to act on food to digest protien 2. to kill germs in the coming food
first we take food through our mouth ,our mouth grind the food into semi solid paste thus the digestion in humans starts from our mouth.in mouth a secretion salivary amylase digest the food in mouth,then the food enters into large intestine through oseophagus bg peristaltic movement.(process known as peristalsis).in our li(large intestine)the protiens will be digested.
their are three secretion in large intestine.
1. hcl
2.enzyme pepsin
3. mucus
hcl secret the acid ,which make the pepsin to act on food .mucus protects the innerling of li from the erosion of acid. thus the enzyme pepsin will act only in the presence of hcl.therefore their r two role of hcl in the large intestine
1. to stimulate pepsin to act on food to digest protien 2. to kill germs in the coming food
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The human digestive systemconsists of the gastrointestinal tract plus the accessory organs ofdigestion (the tongue, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, andgallbladder). Digestion involves the breakdown of food into smaller and smaller components, until they can be absorbed andassimilated into the body.
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Human digestive system .1 salivary secreted by salivary glands . saliva contain an enzyme called salivary amylase that breaks down starch which is complex molecule to give simple sugar . 2 the lining of canal has mucus that contract rhythmically in order to push the food forward throw peristalitic movement. 3 stomach expand when food enter muscular wall of stomach helps in mixing the food. stomach is taken care of by gastric glands present in wall of stomach are hcl hydrochlorine acid,protein digesting enzyme called pepsin and mucus . hcl creates acidic medium. mucus protect inner lining of stomach . longest part of alimentary canal which is fitted into a compact space because of extensive coiling length of small intestine is site of complete digestion of food. the inner lining of small intestine has numerous figure like projections called villi. which increase surface area of absorption. the unabsorbed food is sent into the large water intestine absorb more water from this material and rest of material is removed from the body via the anus.
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1st food reaches our mouth where saliva is mixed with with it. Tounge expresses the taste of food . Canion break the food. Molars and premolars chew food.
Digestion of carbohydrates almost ends here.
2nd Food enters food pipe. Here it travels in form of ball.
3rd It reaches stomach,where HCL acid is released which activates pepsinozen and tripsinozen to form pepsin and trypsin. These enzymes break proteins into amino acids.
4th Stomach has special covering which protects it from reaction with HCL acid.
5th After the conversion of food from solid to liquid,food reaches deudenom where pancreatic juice from pancreas and others salts and bile juice from gall bladder , liver are released for digestion purposes.
6th Food enters small intestine, in villi, finger like projections, it passes slowly.
7th It enters large intestine and absorbs extra water and coverts it from liquid to solid state.
8th Waste material is excreted.
Digestion of carbohydrates almost ends here.
2nd Food enters food pipe. Here it travels in form of ball.
3rd It reaches stomach,where HCL acid is released which activates pepsinozen and tripsinozen to form pepsin and trypsin. These enzymes break proteins into amino acids.
4th Stomach has special covering which protects it from reaction with HCL acid.
5th After the conversion of food from solid to liquid,food reaches deudenom where pancreatic juice from pancreas and others salts and bile juice from gall bladder , liver are released for digestion purposes.
6th Food enters small intestine, in villi, finger like projections, it passes slowly.
7th It enters large intestine and absorbs extra water and coverts it from liquid to solid state.
8th Waste material is excreted.
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Abhushek Kumar can u send a pic of respiration as u sent for digestion plss
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The digestive system in human consists of an alimentary canal and associated digestive glands. The human alimentary canal (aliment : nourish) is a continuous muscular digestive tube that runs through the body.It digests the food,breaks it down into smaller substances ,and absorbs the digested food.The alimentary canal has the following parts such as mouth ,pharynx,esophagus,stomach,small intestine and large intestine that help in digestion of food.
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[̲̅h̲̅][̲̅e̲̅][̲̅l̲̅][̲̅l̲̅][̲̅o̲̅] [̲̅m̲̅][̲̅a̲̅][̲̅t̲̅][̲̅e̲̅]
ɥǝɹǝ ᴉs ʎonɹ ɐusʍǝɹ : ↓↓
▷ ʜᴜᴍᴀɴ ᴅɪɢᴇsᴛɪᴠᴇ sʏsᴛᴇᴍ ᴄᴏɴᴛᴀɪɴs :
1. ᴍᴏᴜᴛʜ
2. ғᴏᴏᴅ ᴘɪᴘᴇ / ᴏᴇsᴏᴘʜᴀɢᴜs
3. sᴛᴏᴍᴀᴄʜ
4. sᴍᴀʟʟ ɪɴᴛᴇsᴛɪɴᴇ
5. ʟᴀʀɢᴇ ɪɴᴛᴇsᴛɪɴᴇ
6. ᴀɴᴜs
⋆͙̈ P̸͟͞r̸͟͞o̸͟͞c̸͟͞e̸͟͞s̸͟͞s̸͟͞ o̸͟͞f̸͟͞ d̸͟͞i̸͟͞g̸͟͞e̸͟͞s̸͟͞t̸͟͞i̸͟͞o̸͟͞n̸͟͞ :
≓ ώħέή ώέ έάţ ғόόđ , όùŕ мόùţħ şέςŕέţέđ ά ғĻùίđ Ļίķέ
şùвşţάήςέ вч şάĻίνάŕч ģĻάήđ ςάĻĻέđ " şάĻίνά " . ţħέ
ςόмρĻέx ғόόđ ţħάţ ώέ έάţ вŕέάķş ίήţό şмάĻĻ мόĻέςùĻέş
ώίţħ ţħέ ħέĻρ όғ вίόςħέмίςάĻ ςάţάĻчşţş ςάĻĻέđ
" έήžчмέş ".
şάĻίνάŕч ςόήţάίή şάĻίνάŕч άмчĻάşέ ţħάţ вŕέάķş
đόώή şţάŕςħ ώħίςħ ίş ά ςόмρĻέx мόĻέςùĻέ ţό ģίνέ şùģάŕ .
ғŕόм ţħέ мόùţħ , ţħέ ғόόđ ίş ţάķέή ţό ţħέ şţόмάςħ ţħŕόùģħ
ţħέ ғόόđ ρίρέ . ţħέ đίģέşţίόή ғùήςţίόήş άŕέ ţάķέή ςάŕέ вч
ţħέ ģάşţŕίς ģĻάήđş ρŕέşέήţ ίή ţħέ ώάĻĻ όғ ţħέ şţόмάςħ .
ţħέşέ ŕέĻέάşέ ħчđŕόςħĻόŕίς άςίđ , ά ρŕόţέίή đίģέşţίήģ
έήžчмέςάĻĻέđ ρέρşίή άήđ мùςùş .
ţħέ έxίţ όғ ғόόđ ғŕόм ţħέ şţόмάςħ ίş ŕέģùĻάţέđ вч ţħέ
şρίήςţέŕ мùşςĻέ ώħίςħ ŕέĻέάşέş ίţ ίή şмάĻĻ ίήţέşţίήέ ħάş
ήùмέŕόùş ғίήģέŕ Ļίķέ ρŕόјέςţίόή ςάĻĻέđ νίĻĻί ώħίςħ
ίήςŕέάşέ ţħέ şùŕғάςέ άŕέά ғόŕ άвşόŕρţίόή .
ţħέ ùήάвşόŕвέđ ғόόđ ίş şέήţ ίήţό ţħέ Ļάŕģέ ίήţέşţίήέ . ţħέ
ŕέşţ мάţέŕίάĻ ίş ŕέмόνέđ ғŕόм ţħέ вόđч νίά ţħέ άήùş .
ţħέ έxίţ όғ ώάşţέ мάţέŕίάĻ ίş ŕέģùĻάţέđ вч ţħέ άήάĻ
şρίήςţέŕ .
[̅[̲̅h̲̅][̲̅o̲̅][̲̅p̲̅][̲̅e̲̅] [̲̅i̲̅][̲̅t̲̅] [̲̅h̲̅][̲̅e̲̅][̲̅l̲̅][̲̅p̲̅][̲̅s̲̅] [̲̅y̲̅][̲̅o̲̅][̲̅u̲̅]
ɥǝɹǝ ᴉs ʎonɹ ɐusʍǝɹ : ↓↓
▷ ʜᴜᴍᴀɴ ᴅɪɢᴇsᴛɪᴠᴇ sʏsᴛᴇᴍ ᴄᴏɴᴛᴀɪɴs :
1. ᴍᴏᴜᴛʜ
2. ғᴏᴏᴅ ᴘɪᴘᴇ / ᴏᴇsᴏᴘʜᴀɢᴜs
3. sᴛᴏᴍᴀᴄʜ
4. sᴍᴀʟʟ ɪɴᴛᴇsᴛɪɴᴇ
5. ʟᴀʀɢᴇ ɪɴᴛᴇsᴛɪɴᴇ
6. ᴀɴᴜs
⋆͙̈ P̸͟͞r̸͟͞o̸͟͞c̸͟͞e̸͟͞s̸͟͞s̸͟͞ o̸͟͞f̸͟͞ d̸͟͞i̸͟͞g̸͟͞e̸͟͞s̸͟͞t̸͟͞i̸͟͞o̸͟͞n̸͟͞ :
≓ ώħέή ώέ έάţ ғόόđ , όùŕ мόùţħ şέςŕέţέđ ά ғĻùίđ Ļίķέ
şùвşţάήςέ вч şάĻίνάŕч ģĻάήđ ςάĻĻέđ " şάĻίνά " . ţħέ
ςόмρĻέx ғόόđ ţħάţ ώέ έάţ вŕέάķş ίήţό şмάĻĻ мόĻέςùĻέş
ώίţħ ţħέ ħέĻρ όғ вίόςħέмίςάĻ ςάţάĻчşţş ςάĻĻέđ
" έήžчмέş ".
şάĻίνάŕч ςόήţάίή şάĻίνάŕч άмчĻάşέ ţħάţ вŕέάķş
đόώή şţάŕςħ ώħίςħ ίş ά ςόмρĻέx мόĻέςùĻέ ţό ģίνέ şùģάŕ .
ғŕόм ţħέ мόùţħ , ţħέ ғόόđ ίş ţάķέή ţό ţħέ şţόмάςħ ţħŕόùģħ
ţħέ ғόόđ ρίρέ . ţħέ đίģέşţίόή ғùήςţίόήş άŕέ ţάķέή ςάŕέ вч
ţħέ ģάşţŕίς ģĻάήđş ρŕέşέήţ ίή ţħέ ώάĻĻ όғ ţħέ şţόмάςħ .
ţħέşέ ŕέĻέάşέ ħчđŕόςħĻόŕίς άςίđ , ά ρŕόţέίή đίģέşţίήģ
έήžчмέςάĻĻέđ ρέρşίή άήđ мùςùş .
ţħέ έxίţ όғ ғόόđ ғŕόм ţħέ şţόмάςħ ίş ŕέģùĻάţέđ вч ţħέ
şρίήςţέŕ мùşςĻέ ώħίςħ ŕέĻέάşέş ίţ ίή şмάĻĻ ίήţέşţίήέ ħάş
ήùмέŕόùş ғίήģέŕ Ļίķέ ρŕόјέςţίόή ςάĻĻέđ νίĻĻί ώħίςħ
ίήςŕέάşέ ţħέ şùŕғάςέ άŕέά ғόŕ άвşόŕρţίόή .
ţħέ ùήάвşόŕвέđ ғόόđ ίş şέήţ ίήţό ţħέ Ļάŕģέ ίήţέşţίήέ . ţħέ
ŕέşţ мάţέŕίάĻ ίş ŕέмόνέđ ғŕόм ţħέ вόđч νίά ţħέ άήùş .
ţħέ έxίţ όғ ώάşţέ мάţέŕίάĻ ίş ŕέģùĻάţέđ вч ţħέ άήάĻ
şρίήςţέŕ .
[̅[̲̅h̲̅][̲̅o̲̅][̲̅p̲̅][̲̅e̲̅] [̲̅i̲̅][̲̅t̲̅] [̲̅h̲̅][̲̅e̲̅][̲̅l̲̅][̲̅p̲̅][̲̅s̲̅] [̲̅y̲̅][̲̅o̲̅][̲̅u̲̅]
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Humans have holozoic nutrition, that means the food is consumed as a whole and the digestion occurs internally. It can be described as:
1. Ingestion of food- The food is taken in the oral cavity in the process called the ingestion. The teeth help in grinding of the food, salivary amylase helps in partial breakdown of the starch and the tongue helps in mixing the food with saliva and helps in swallowing it. The food is now called bolus.
2. Digestion- The process of break-down of complex substances into simpler substances is called digestion and it starts with the mouth where physical break-down occurs along with some chemical digestion. The bolus is swallowed in and it arrives in stomach where the digestion of proteins occurs due to presence of the enzyme pepsin. Bolus is now called the chyme. This chyme now moves into the small intestine where rest of the process of digestion will be completed. The pancreatic juice, the intestinal juice and the bile will result in breakdown of carbohydrates, fats and the rest of the proteins. The chyme is now called the chyle and it moves to the large intestine where the water is absorbed.
3. Absorption- The digested food is absorbed via the finger-like projections present on the inner surface of the small-intestine and the reach the blood stream.
4. Assimilation- The absorbed food is then used by different tissues for the energy generation. The excess food is stored as glycogen in the liver and s fats in adipose tissue.
5. Excretion- The undigested material passes from the small-intestine to the rectum of the large-intestine, from where it is removed from the body through anus
1. Ingestion of food- The food is taken in the oral cavity in the process called the ingestion. The teeth help in grinding of the food, salivary amylase helps in partial breakdown of the starch and the tongue helps in mixing the food with saliva and helps in swallowing it. The food is now called bolus.
2. Digestion- The process of break-down of complex substances into simpler substances is called digestion and it starts with the mouth where physical break-down occurs along with some chemical digestion. The bolus is swallowed in and it arrives in stomach where the digestion of proteins occurs due to presence of the enzyme pepsin. Bolus is now called the chyme. This chyme now moves into the small intestine where rest of the process of digestion will be completed. The pancreatic juice, the intestinal juice and the bile will result in breakdown of carbohydrates, fats and the rest of the proteins. The chyme is now called the chyle and it moves to the large intestine where the water is absorbed.
3. Absorption- The digested food is absorbed via the finger-like projections present on the inner surface of the small-intestine and the reach the blood stream.
4. Assimilation- The absorbed food is then used by different tissues for the energy generation. The excess food is stored as glycogen in the liver and s fats in adipose tissue.
5. Excretion- The undigested material passes from the small-intestine to the rectum of the large-intestine, from where it is removed from the body through anus
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Digestion is a form of catabolism, in which food is broken down into small molecules that the body can absorb and use for energy, growth, and repair. Digestion occurs when food moves through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The digestive process is controlled by both hormones and nerves.Digestion involves two separate processes: mechanical digestion and chemical digestion.
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The human digestive system consists of the gastrointestinal tract plus the accessory organs of digestion (the tongue, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder). Digestion involves the breakdown of food into smaller and smaller components, until they can be absorbed and assimilated into the body.
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Human needs five steps to get nutrition from food- Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption, Assimilation and egestion.
As soon as we put food into our mouth, physical digestion starts . When an enzyme known as "Salivary Amylese" present in our saliva mixes with our food,it breakdown the starch (glucose) present in our food into sugar. Then the food is passed through oesophagus due to peristaltic movement and reached our stomach. In our stomach ,three tabular glands named fundic glands, pyloric glands and cardiac glands secrete enzymes like HCl,Mucus and Pepsin.
Pepsin helps in the synthesis of protein. HCl helps in killing bacterias that may enter our stomach along with our food and also provides acidic medium to Pepsin for the synthesis of protein. Mucus protects us from the damaging effect of HCl.
Then the food is passed into small intestine where it is treated with the secretions of two glands named "Liver " and "Pancreas". Liver secretes bile juice that helps in the synthesis of fat. Pancreas secretes pancreatic juice which contains three enzymes "Amylese" ,"Trypsin" and "Lipase". Amylese helps in the synthesis of starch, Trypsin helps in the synthesis of protein while Lipase helps in the synthesis of emulsified fat.
" Small intestine is the site of complete digestion in the human body".
Then the intestinal juice from the walls of small intestine breaks down the protein into amino acids, carbohydrates into glycogen and fat into fatty acids.
Hence, the large and insoluble molecules breakdown into smaller water soluble molecules in our small intestine during the process of digestion.
This is further followed by the process of absorption, Assimilation and egestion.
As soon as we put food into our mouth, physical digestion starts . When an enzyme known as "Salivary Amylese" present in our saliva mixes with our food,it breakdown the starch (glucose) present in our food into sugar. Then the food is passed through oesophagus due to peristaltic movement and reached our stomach. In our stomach ,three tabular glands named fundic glands, pyloric glands and cardiac glands secrete enzymes like HCl,Mucus and Pepsin.
Pepsin helps in the synthesis of protein. HCl helps in killing bacterias that may enter our stomach along with our food and also provides acidic medium to Pepsin for the synthesis of protein. Mucus protects us from the damaging effect of HCl.
Then the food is passed into small intestine where it is treated with the secretions of two glands named "Liver " and "Pancreas". Liver secretes bile juice that helps in the synthesis of fat. Pancreas secretes pancreatic juice which contains three enzymes "Amylese" ,"Trypsin" and "Lipase". Amylese helps in the synthesis of starch, Trypsin helps in the synthesis of protein while Lipase helps in the synthesis of emulsified fat.
" Small intestine is the site of complete digestion in the human body".
Then the intestinal juice from the walls of small intestine breaks down the protein into amino acids, carbohydrates into glycogen and fat into fatty acids.
Hence, the large and insoluble molecules breakdown into smaller water soluble molecules in our small intestine during the process of digestion.
This is further followed by the process of absorption, Assimilation and egestion.
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First the food is ingested in our bodu through mouth. In mouth physical mechanism of digestion takes place. teeth helps us to grind and chew the food and the tongue helps to mix food and saliva. saliva contains an enzyme known as slivary amylaze, it converts starch into simple sugar. The saliva also makes the food wet so that it can be easily swallowed. then the food passes through oesophagus or food pipe by the peristaltic movement. then the food enters stomach. stomach contains gastric glands that secrete enzymes. these emzymes contains hydrochloric acid, mucus and pepsin. hcl is used to make food acidic so that pepsin can be active and it also kills germs in food.pepsin helps in the digestion of protein. food is converted into semi solid called chyme in our stomach.then it passes to small intestine where the complete digestion of food takes place. it receives secretion from liver and pancreas. liver secretes bile juice which makes the food alkaline, so that pancreatic enzymes can act and it also emulsifies the fal molecules. pancreatic juice contains tripsin, lipase and amylase which helps in the digestion of protein,fat and starch respectively. the walls of intestine secrets intestinal juice. it contains a number of enzymes which complete the digestion of complex carbohydrates into glucose, proteins into amino acids and fats into fatty acids and glycerol. they are water soluble and can be easily absorbed by the walls of intestine. in this way, the process of digestion is complete..
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The human digestive system is a series of organs that converts food into essential nutrients that are absorbed into the body. The digestive organs also move waste material out of the body. The enzymes in saliva help break down foods, and the lubrication function of saliva makes it easier for food to be swallowed.
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Can you share the respiration, transportation, excretion chart alao please
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Digestion is Process that helps to digest the complex form of food into the more simpler form for its easy and better absorption and assimilation by cell.
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The human digestive system consists of the gastrointestinal tract plus the accessory organs of digestion (the tongue, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder). Digestion involves the breakdown of food into smaller and smaller components, until they can be absorbed and assimilated into the body. The process of digestion has three stages. The first stage is the cephalic phaseof digestion which begins with gastric secretions in response to the sight and smell of food. This stage includes the mechanical breakdown of food by chewing, and the chemical breakdown by digestive enzymes, that takes place in the mouth.Saliva contains digestive enzymes called amylase, and lingual lipase, secreted by the salivary glands and serous glands on the tongue. The enzymes start to break down the food in the mouth. Chewing, in which the food is mixed with saliva, begins the mechanical process of digestion. This produces a boluswhich can be swallowed down the esophagusto enter the stomach. In the stomach the gastric phase of digestion takes place. The food is further broken down by mixing with gastric acid until it passes into the duodenum, in the third intestinal phase of digestion, where it is mixed with a number of enzymesproduced by the pancreas. Digestion is helped by the chewing of food carried out by the muscles of mastication, the tongue, and the teeth, and also by the contractions of peristalsis, and segmentation. Gastric acid, and the production of mucus in the stomach, are essential for the continuation of digestion.
Peristalsis is the rhythmic contraction of muscles that begins in the esophagus and continues along the wall of the stomach and the rest of the gastrointestinal tract. This initially results in the production of chymewhich when fully broken down in the small intestine is absorbed as chyle into the lymphatic system. Most of the digestion of food takes place in the small intestine. Water and some minerals are reabsorbed back into the blood in the colon of the large intestine. The waste products of digestion (feces) are defecated from the anus via the rectum.
Peristalsis is the rhythmic contraction of muscles that begins in the esophagus and continues along the wall of the stomach and the rest of the gastrointestinal tract. This initially results in the production of chymewhich when fully broken down in the small intestine is absorbed as chyle into the lymphatic system. Most of the digestion of food takes place in the small intestine. Water and some minerals are reabsorbed back into the blood in the colon of the large intestine. The waste products of digestion (feces) are defecated from the anus via the rectum.
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Https://edurev.page.link/GwPVUPEbE8VnswBL9
check nice video ....
will make understand in a second...
check nice video ....
will make understand in a second...
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Humans have holozoic nutrition, that means the food is consumed as a whole and the digestion occurs internally. It can be described as:
1. Ingestion of food- The food is taken in the oral cavity in the process called the ingestion. The teeth help in grinding of the food, salivary amylase helps in partial breakdown of the starch and the tongue helps in mixing the food with saliva and helps in swallowing it. The food is now called bolus.
2. Digestion- The process of break-down of complex substances into simpler substances is called digestion and it starts with the mouth where physical break-down occurs along with some chemical digestion. The bolus is swallowed in and it arrives in stomach where the digestion of proteins occurs due to presence of the enzyme pepsin. Bolus is now called the chyme. This chyme now moves into the small intestine where rest of the process of digestion will be completed. The pancreatic juice, the intestinal juice and the bile will result in breakdown of carbohydrates, fats and the rest of the proteins. The chyme is now called the chyle and it moves to the large intestine where the water is absorbed.
3. Absorption- The digested food is absorbed via the finger-like projections present on the inner surface of the small-intestine and the reach the blood stream.
4. Assimilation- The absorbed food is then used by different tissues for the energy generation. The excess food is stored as glycogen in the liver and s fats in adipose tissue.
5. Excretion- The undigested material passes from the small-intestine to the rectum of the large-intestine, from where it is removed from the body through anus.""
1. Ingestion of food- The food is taken in the oral cavity in the process called the ingestion. The teeth help in grinding of the food, salivary amylase helps in partial breakdown of the starch and the tongue helps in mixing the food with saliva and helps in swallowing it. The food is now called bolus.
2. Digestion- The process of break-down of complex substances into simpler substances is called digestion and it starts with the mouth where physical break-down occurs along with some chemical digestion. The bolus is swallowed in and it arrives in stomach where the digestion of proteins occurs due to presence of the enzyme pepsin. Bolus is now called the chyme. This chyme now moves into the small intestine where rest of the process of digestion will be completed. The pancreatic juice, the intestinal juice and the bile will result in breakdown of carbohydrates, fats and the rest of the proteins. The chyme is now called the chyle and it moves to the large intestine where the water is absorbed.
3. Absorption- The digested food is absorbed via the finger-like projections present on the inner surface of the small-intestine and the reach the blood stream.
4. Assimilation- The absorbed food is then used by different tissues for the energy generation. The excess food is stored as glycogen in the liver and s fats in adipose tissue.
5. Excretion- The undigested material passes from the small-intestine to the rectum of the large-intestine, from where it is removed from the body through anus.""
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- Humans have holozoic nutrition, that means the food is consumed as a whole and the digestion occurs internally. It can be described as:
1. Ingestion of food- The food is taken in the oral cavity in the process called the ingestion. The teeth help in grinding of the food, salivary amylase helps in partial breakdown of the starch and the tongue helps in mixing the food with saliva and helps in swallowing it. The food is now called bolus.
2. Digestion- The process of break-down of complex substances into simpler substances is called digestion and it starts with the mouth where physical break-down occurs along with some chemical digestion. The bolus is swallowed in and it arrives in stomach where the digestion of proteins occurs due to presence of the enzyme pepsin. Bolus is now called the chyme. This chyme now moves into the small intestine where rest of the process of digestion will be completed. The pancreatic juice, the intestinal juice and the bile will result in breakdown of carbohydrates, fats and the rest of the proteins. The chyme is now called the chyle and it moves to the large intestine where the water is absorbed.
3. Absorption- The digested food is absorbed via the finger-like projections present on the inner surface of the small-intestine and the reach the blood stream.
4. Assimilation- The absorbed food is then used by different tissues for the energy generation. The excess food is stored as glycogen in the liver and s fats in adipose tissue.
5. Excretion- The undigested material passes from the small-intestine to the rectum of the large-intestine, from where it is removed from the body through anus.
hope it helpful for u..
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Step by step
step:1 food enter through mouth into oesophogus
with the help of salivary gland it secrets amylase which help in digestion of food
srep:2 By passing in oesophogus it enter in stomach by paristatic movement
Step:3 food remain in stomach for about 3 day's then it passed into duedenuem in the form of chym
Step:4 In duedenuem bile juice and bicarbonate ions from liver help in imulsification of fats
Step:5 Bicarbonate provide basicity or nuetrol to the
concentration of liver
Step:6 The food passes from jejjnuem to ileum in it intestine juice is secreted that complete the digestion that convert food into soluble form amino acid fatty acid and glucose
Step:7 In iluem small finger like structure called villi are present that increase surface. area of absorption
absorbed food passesd into body through out blood diffuse d into body cell
Step:8 In body cell energy is produced from absorbed food
Step:9 The undigested food passes through large intestine $ water absorption take place . this undigested food from caccum passes to colon $ then to rectum where it from faces and then is egested through anus
complete answer
step:1 food enter through mouth into oesophogus
with the help of salivary gland it secrets amylase which help in digestion of food
srep:2 By passing in oesophogus it enter in stomach by paristatic movement
Step:3 food remain in stomach for about 3 day's then it passed into duedenuem in the form of chym
Step:4 In duedenuem bile juice and bicarbonate ions from liver help in imulsification of fats
Step:5 Bicarbonate provide basicity or nuetrol to the
concentration of liver
Step:6 The food passes from jejjnuem to ileum in it intestine juice is secreted that complete the digestion that convert food into soluble form amino acid fatty acid and glucose
Step:7 In iluem small finger like structure called villi are present that increase surface. area of absorption
absorbed food passesd into body through out blood diffuse d into body cell
Step:8 In body cell energy is produced from absorbed food
Step:9 The undigested food passes through large intestine $ water absorption take place . this undigested food from caccum passes to colon $ then to rectum where it from faces and then is egested through anus
complete answer
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Digestion involves the breakdown of food into smaller and smaller components, until they can be absorbed and assimilated into the body. The process of digestion has three stages. The first stage is the Cephalic phase of digestion which begins with gastric secretion in response to the sight and smell of food. This stage include y mechanical breakdown of food by chewing, and the chemical breakdown by digestive enzymes,that take place in the mouth.
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*The steps are in points so I think this u
is helpful to you*
The various steps of nutrition in human beings are as follows:
Ingestion:
In human beings, food is ingested through the mouth. The food is put into the mouth with the help of hands.
Digestion:
The digestion of food begins in the mouth itself.
The teeth cut the food into small pieces, chew and grind it. (Physical digestion)
The salivary glands in our mouth produce saliva (watery liquid) which contains an enzyme salivary amylase which digests the starch (carbohydrate) present in the food into sugar. (Chemical digestion)
Our tongue helps in mixing this saliva with food.
The digestion of food remains incomplete in mouth.
Oesophagus:
The slightly digested food in the mouth is swallowed by the tongue and goes down the food pipe called oesophagus.
When the slightly digested food enters the food pipe, the walls of food pipe start contraction and expansion movements called as peristaltic movement.
This peristaltic movement of food pipe pushes the slightly digested into the stomach.
Stomach:
The stomach is a J-shaped organ present on the left side of the abdomen.
The stomach walls contain s three tubular glands in it walls which secrete gastric juice.
The gastric juice contains three substances: Hydrochloric acid, the enzyme pepsin and mucus.
The hydrochloric creates an acidic medium which facilitates the action of the enzyme pepsin i.e. digestion of protein.
The mucus helps to protect the stomach wall from its own secretions of hydrochloric acid.
The partially digested food then goes from the stomach into the small intestine.
Small intestine:
From the stomach, the partially digested food enters the small intestine.
The small intestine is the largest part (about 6.5m) of the alimentary canal.
The small intestine is very narrow and arranged in the form of a coil in our belly.
The small intestine in human beings is the site of complete digestion of food (like carbohydrates, proteins and fats)
The small intestine receives the secretion of two glands: Liver and Pancreas.
Liver secretes bile (greenish yellow liquid made in the liver and stored in gall bladder).
Bile performs two functions:
Makes the acidic food coming from the stomach alkaline so that pancreatic enzymes can act on it.
Bile salts break the fats present in the food into small globules making it easy for the enzymes to act and digest them.
The pancreas secretes pancreatic juice which contains enzymes like pancreatic amylase for breaking down starch, trypsin for digesting proteins and lipase for breaking down emulsified fats.
The walls of the small intestine contain glands which secretes intestinal juice. The enzymes present in it finally convert the proteins into amino acids, complex carbohydrates into glucose and fats into fatty acids and glycerol.
In this way the process of digestion converts the large and insoluble food molecules into small water soluble molecules.
Absorption:
The small intestine is the main region for the absorption of digested food.
The inner surface of the small intestine has numerous finger-like projections called villi which increase the surface area for rapid absorption of digested food.
The digested food which is absorbed through the walls of the small intestine goes into our blood.
Assimilation:
The blood carries digested and dissolved food to all the parts of the body where it becomes assimilated as part of the cells and is utilised for obtaining energy, building up new tissues and the repair of old tissues.
Egestion:
The unabsorbed food is sent into the large intestine where more villi absorb water from this material.
The rest of the material is removed from the body via the anus.
The exit of this waste material is regulated by
is helpful to you*
The various steps of nutrition in human beings are as follows:
Ingestion:
In human beings, food is ingested through the mouth. The food is put into the mouth with the help of hands.
Digestion:
The digestion of food begins in the mouth itself.
The teeth cut the food into small pieces, chew and grind it. (Physical digestion)
The salivary glands in our mouth produce saliva (watery liquid) which contains an enzyme salivary amylase which digests the starch (carbohydrate) present in the food into sugar. (Chemical digestion)
Our tongue helps in mixing this saliva with food.
The digestion of food remains incomplete in mouth.
Oesophagus:
The slightly digested food in the mouth is swallowed by the tongue and goes down the food pipe called oesophagus.
When the slightly digested food enters the food pipe, the walls of food pipe start contraction and expansion movements called as peristaltic movement.
This peristaltic movement of food pipe pushes the slightly digested into the stomach.
Stomach:
The stomach is a J-shaped organ present on the left side of the abdomen.
The stomach walls contain s three tubular glands in it walls which secrete gastric juice.
The gastric juice contains three substances: Hydrochloric acid, the enzyme pepsin and mucus.
The hydrochloric creates an acidic medium which facilitates the action of the enzyme pepsin i.e. digestion of protein.
The mucus helps to protect the stomach wall from its own secretions of hydrochloric acid.
The partially digested food then goes from the stomach into the small intestine.
Small intestine:
From the stomach, the partially digested food enters the small intestine.
The small intestine is the largest part (about 6.5m) of the alimentary canal.
The small intestine is very narrow and arranged in the form of a coil in our belly.
The small intestine in human beings is the site of complete digestion of food (like carbohydrates, proteins and fats)
The small intestine receives the secretion of two glands: Liver and Pancreas.
Liver secretes bile (greenish yellow liquid made in the liver and stored in gall bladder).
Bile performs two functions:
Makes the acidic food coming from the stomach alkaline so that pancreatic enzymes can act on it.
Bile salts break the fats present in the food into small globules making it easy for the enzymes to act and digest them.
The pancreas secretes pancreatic juice which contains enzymes like pancreatic amylase for breaking down starch, trypsin for digesting proteins and lipase for breaking down emulsified fats.
The walls of the small intestine contain glands which secretes intestinal juice. The enzymes present in it finally convert the proteins into amino acids, complex carbohydrates into glucose and fats into fatty acids and glycerol.
In this way the process of digestion converts the large and insoluble food molecules into small water soluble molecules.
Absorption:
The small intestine is the main region for the absorption of digested food.
The inner surface of the small intestine has numerous finger-like projections called villi which increase the surface area for rapid absorption of digested food.
The digested food which is absorbed through the walls of the small intestine goes into our blood.
Assimilation:
The blood carries digested and dissolved food to all the parts of the body where it becomes assimilated as part of the cells and is utilised for obtaining energy, building up new tissues and the repair of old tissues.
Egestion:
The unabsorbed food is sent into the large intestine where more villi absorb water from this material.
The rest of the material is removed from the body via the anus.
The exit of this waste material is regulated by
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The digestive system converts the foods we eat into their simplest form like gulcose (sugar) , aminoacid (that makes up fats). The broken down food is then abosorbed into the blood stream from the intestine and the nutrients are carried to cell in the body
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The human digestive system consists of the gastrointestinal tract close the accessory organs of digestion (the tongue,salivary gland, pancreas,liver,& gallbladder).digestion involves the breakdown of food into smaller and smaller component until they can be observed and assimilated into the body.
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Mouth
The mouth is the beginning of the digestive tract. In fact, digestion starts here as soon as you take the first bite of a meal. Chewing breaks the food into pieces that are more easily digested, while saliva mixes with food to begin the process of breaking it down into a form your body can absorb and use.
Throat
Also called the pharynx, the throat is the next destination for food you've eaten. From here, food travels to the esophagus or swallowing tube.
Esophagus
The esophagus is a muscular tube extending from the pharynx to the stomach. By means of a series of contractions, called peristalsis, the esophagus delivers food to the stomach. Just before the connection to the stomach there is a "zone of high pressure," called the lower esophageal sphincter; this is a "valve" meant to keep food from passing backwards into the esophagus.
Stomach
The stomach is a sac-like organ with strong muscular walls. In addition to holding the food, it's also a mixer and grinder. The stomach secretes acid and powerful enzymes that continue the process of breaking down the food. When it leaves the stomach, food is the consistency of a liquid or paste. From there the food moves to the small intestine.
Small Intestine
Made up of three segments, the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, the small intestine is a long tube loosely coiled in the abdomen (spread out, it would be more than 20 feet long). The small intestine continues the process of breaking down food by using enzymes released by the pancreas and bile from the liver.
Large Intestine
The colon is a 5- to 6-foot-long muscular tube that connects the cecum (the first part of the large intestine to the rectum (the last part of the large intestine). It is made up of the cecum, the ascending (right) colon, the transverse (across) colon, the descending (left) colon, and the sigmoid colon (so-called for its "S" shape; the Greek letter for S is called the sigma), which connects to the rectum.
The mouth is the beginning of the digestive tract. In fact, digestion starts here as soon as you take the first bite of a meal. Chewing breaks the food into pieces that are more easily digested, while saliva mixes with food to begin the process of breaking it down into a form your body can absorb and use.
Throat
Also called the pharynx, the throat is the next destination for food you've eaten. From here, food travels to the esophagus or swallowing tube.
Esophagus
The esophagus is a muscular tube extending from the pharynx to the stomach. By means of a series of contractions, called peristalsis, the esophagus delivers food to the stomach. Just before the connection to the stomach there is a "zone of high pressure," called the lower esophageal sphincter; this is a "valve" meant to keep food from passing backwards into the esophagus.
Stomach
The stomach is a sac-like organ with strong muscular walls. In addition to holding the food, it's also a mixer and grinder. The stomach secretes acid and powerful enzymes that continue the process of breaking down the food. When it leaves the stomach, food is the consistency of a liquid or paste. From there the food moves to the small intestine.
Small Intestine
Made up of three segments, the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, the small intestine is a long tube loosely coiled in the abdomen (spread out, it would be more than 20 feet long). The small intestine continues the process of breaking down food by using enzymes released by the pancreas and bile from the liver.
Large Intestine
The colon is a 5- to 6-foot-long muscular tube that connects the cecum (the first part of the large intestine to the rectum (the last part of the large intestine). It is made up of the cecum, the ascending (right) colon, the transverse (across) colon, the descending (left) colon, and the sigmoid colon (so-called for its "S" shape; the Greek letter for S is called the sigma), which connects to the rectum.
