Hybridization and bond angle in X:

The reaction between NaOH and F2 produces a pale yellow gas, which we will refer to as X. To determine the hybridization and bond angle in X, let's analyze the molecular structure and bonding in the compound.

Molecular Structure:
X is formed when NaOH, a strong base, reacts with F2, a highly reactive and electronegative element. The reaction can be represented as follows:

2NaOH + F2 → NaF + H2O + X

In this reaction, NaOH donates an electron pair to F2, resulting in the formation of NaF and H2O. The remaining components combine to form the pale yellow gas X.

Bonding in X:
To understand the bonding in X, we need to consider the valence electrons of the elements involved. F2 has 7 valence electrons, while Na and O in NaOH have 1 and 6 valence electrons, respectively.

When F2 accepts an electron pair from NaOH, it gains one electron and forms a stable F- ion. The remaining components, Na+ and OH-, form NaOH. The reaction can be represented as:

F2 + 2e- → 2F-
NaOH → Na+ + OH-

The pale yellow gas X is formed from the remaining components, OH- and H+, which combine to form water (H2O).

Hybridization in X:
In X, the central atom is oxygen (O), which is bonded to hydrogen (H) and another oxygen (O) atom. Oxygen, being in Group 6 of the periodic table, has 6 valence electrons.

To determine the hybridization of the central atom, we count the number of bonded atoms and lone pairs around it. In this case, oxygen is bonded to two atoms (H and O) and has two lone pairs.

Based on the bonding pattern, the hybridization of oxygen in X is sp3. This means that oxygen's 2s and 2p orbitals hybridize to form four sp3 hybrid orbitals, which are arranged in a tetrahedral geometry around the oxygen atom.

Bond Angle in X:
In X, the oxygen atom is surrounded by four electron domains (two bonding pairs and two lone pairs). The electron domains repel each other and try to stay as far apart as possible, resulting in a tetrahedral arrangement.

The bond angle in a tetrahedral molecule is approximately 109.5 degrees. Therefore, the bond angle in X, which has a tetrahedral geometry around the oxygen atom, is approximately 109.5 degrees.

In summary, the hybridization of the central atom (oxygen) in the pale yellow gas X formed from the reaction between NaOH and F2 is sp3. The bond angle in X is approximately 109.5 degrees, due to the tetrahedral arrangement of electron domains around the oxygen atom.