Purkinje cells are the most complex neurons of the cerebellum. These cells are named after the Czech anatomist Jan Evangelista Purkyně who first described them in 1837. They are large, flask-shaped neurons located in the cerebellar cortex, and they are characterized by their extensive dendritic trees.

Structural features of Purkinje cells:

- Cell body: The cell body of a Purkinje cell is located in the Purkinje cell layer of the cerebellar cortex. It gives rise to a single axon that projects to the deep cerebellar nuclei.
- Dendrites: Purkinje cells have a dense dendritic tree that extends into the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex. These dendrites are highly branched, and they receive inputs from two main sources: climbing fibers and parallel fibers.
- Climbing fibers: Climbing fibers are axons that originate from the inferior olive in the brainstem. Each Purkinje cell receives input from only one climbing fiber, which makes a large number of synapses with the dendritic tree of the cell.
- Parallel fibers: Parallel fibers are axons that originate from granule cells in the cerebellar cortex. Each Purkinje cell receives input from thousands of parallel fibers, which make synapses with the spines on the dendritic tree of the cell.

Functions of Purkinje cells:

- Motor coordination: Purkinje cells play a crucial role in motor coordination. They receive inputs from climbing fibers and parallel fibers, which are involved in the control of movement and balance.
- Learning and memory: Purkinje cells are also involved in learning and memory. They undergo structural changes in response to motor learning, and they are thought to encode information about the timing and accuracy of movements.

In conclusion, Purkinje cells are the most complex neurons of the cerebellum, and they play a crucial role in motor coordination and learning.

Purkinjes cells are most complex neurones of purkinjes cells are the different projection neurones of the cerebral cortex because they provide its sole output all other neurones in the cerebral cortex are intrinsic neurones