The Prince: Author and Explanation

The correct answer is option 'C', Niccolò Machiavelli. He is the author of the book "The Prince." Now let's delve into the details and understand the background and significance of this work.

About Niccolò Machiavelli
Niccolò Machiavelli was an Italian Renaissance political philosopher, historian, diplomat, and writer who lived from 1469 to 1527. He is considered one of the most influential political thinkers of his time. Machiavelli served as a diplomat in the Florentine Republic and witnessed the political upheavals and power struggles of the era.

Background of "The Prince"
"The Prince" is a political treatise written by Machiavelli in 1513. It is his most famous and influential work. The book was dedicated to Lorenzo di Piero de' Medici, who was the ruler of Florence at the time. Machiavelli wrote this treatise with the intention of gaining favor with the ruling Medici family, hoping to secure a political position.

Key Concepts in "The Prince"
"The Prince" explores Machiavelli's observations and theories on political power. It offers advice to rulers on how to acquire, maintain, and expand their power. Key concepts discussed in the book include:

1. Realpolitik: Machiavelli argues that politics should be based on practical considerations rather than moral or ethical ideals. He emphasizes the importance of effective governance and the preservation of the state, even if it requires the use of ruthless and cunning tactics.

2. Fortune and Virtù: Machiavelli discusses the role of fortune (external circumstances) and virtù (personal qualities) in political success. He suggests that a successful ruler must possess both luck and skill to navigate the complexities of power.

3. Morality and Politics: Machiavelli challenges the traditional notions of moral behavior in politics. He argues that a ruler should prioritize the stability and welfare of the state over personal ethics. This controversial stance sparked much debate and criticism.

Influence and Legacy
"The Prince" had a profound impact on political thought and continues to be studied and debated today. Machiavelli's ideas were considered radical and controversial during his time, as they challenged traditional notions of morality in politics. His work laid the foundation for the modern concept of political realism and had a significant influence on subsequent political thinkers.

Conclusion
In conclusion, Niccolò Machiavelli is the author of the book "The Prince." This treatise presents Machiavelli's ideas on political power, emphasizing the importance of effective governance and practical considerations over moral ideals. It remains a significant work in political philosophy and has shaped our understanding of politics and leadership.