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One of the gradual changes that affected the social and economic ties between the lords and the vassals was

  • a)
    agricultural technology.

  • b)
    environment.

  • c)
    land use.

  • d)
    new towns.

Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Verified Answer
One of the gradual changes that affected the social and economic ties ...
Around 11th century, several processes were transforming the social system. Changes in the environment were gradual and almost barely visible.
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One of the gradual changes that affected the social and economic ties ...
Introduction:
The social and economic ties between the lords and the vassals in medieval Europe were characterized by a feudal system, in which the lords granted land and protection to their vassals in exchange for military service and other obligations. However, over time, several gradual changes affected these ties, leading to the transformation of the feudal system.

Environmental Factors:
One of the gradual changes that affected the social and economic ties between the lords and the vassals was the environment. The environment played a significant role in shaping the relationship between lords and vassals in medieval Europe.

Impact of Environmental Factors:
1. Climate Change: Changes in the climate, such as periods of drought or excessive rainfall, could have a significant impact on agriculture. These changes in weather patterns could lead to crop failures, food shortages, and economic instability. As a result, the vassals, who relied heavily on agriculture for their livelihood, could face difficulties in fulfilling their obligations to the lords.

2. Natural Disasters: Natural disasters, such as floods, earthquakes, or pest infestations, could also disrupt agricultural production and cause economic hardship. Vassals who were unable to meet their obligations due to such disasters might seek relief or assistance from their lords, leading to changes in the power dynamics between them.

3. Changes in Land Availability: Environmental factors could also influence the availability and quality of land, which was the primary source of wealth and power for the lords. Changes in land use, such as deforestation or the expansion of agricultural activity, could lead to the depletion of resources and the degradation of the environment.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, environmental factors, such as climate change, natural disasters, and changes in land availability, had a significant impact on the social and economic ties between lords and vassals in medieval Europe. These factors could disrupt agricultural production, lead to economic instability, and alter the power dynamics between the ruling class and the vassals. Thus, the environment played a crucial role in shaping the feudal system and its gradual transformation over time.
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Read the information given below carefully and answer the following question.Rural India face serious shortages – power, water, health facilities, roads, etc. – these are known and recognized. However, the role of technology in solving these and other problems is barely acknowledged and the actual availability of technology in ruralareas is marginal. The backbone of the rural economy is agriculture; which also provides sustenance to over half the country’s population. The “Green Revolution” of the 1970s was, in fact, powered by the scientific work in various agricultural research institutions. Which some fault the Green Revolution for excessive exploitation of water and land resources through overuse of fertilizers, it did bring about a wheat surplus and prosperity in certain pockets of the country. In rural India today, there is a dire inadequacy of both science (i.e. knowledg e) and technology (which derives from science and manifests itself in physical form). The scope to apply technology to both farm and non-farm activities in rural areas is huge, as are the potential benefits. In fact, crop yields are far lower than what they are in demonstration farms, where science and technology are more fully applied. Technologies that reduce power consumption of pumps are vital; unfortunately, their use is minimal, since agricultural power is free or largely subsidized. Similarly, there is little incentive to optimize-through technology or otherwise-water use, especially in irrigated areas (a third of total arable lan d), given employment and incomes, but at present deployment of technology is marginal. Cold storage and cold-chains for transportation to market is of great importance for many agricultural products-particularly, fruits and vegetables-but are non-existent. These are clearly technologies with an immediate return on investment, and benefits for all; the farmer, the end-consumer, thetechnology provider. However, regulatory and structural barriers are holding back investments. Power is a key requirement in rural areas, for agricultural as well as domestic uses. Technology can provide reliable power at comparatively low cost in a decentralized manner. However, this needs to be upgraded and scaled in a big way, with emphasis on renewable and nonpolluting technologies. Reliable and low cost means of transporting goods and people is an essential need for rural areas. The bullock-cart and the tractor-trailer are present vehicles of choice. Surely, technology can provide a better, cheaper and more efficient solution? Information related to commodity prices, agricultural practices, weather, etc., are crucial for the farmer. Technology can provide these through technology mobile phones, which is a proven technology; however, the challenge to ensure connectivity remains. Thus, there is a pressing need for technology as currently economic growth-though skewed and iniquitous-has created an economically attractive market in rural India.Q.According to the author, which of the following is/are the problem/s facing India’s rural population?A. Unavailability of healthcare facilities.B. The technological advancements which have been borrowed from abroad have not been suitably adapted to the Indian scenario.C. Lack of awareness about the importance of utilizing technology in the agricultural sector.

Read the information given below carefully and answer the following question.Rural India face serious shortages – power, water, health facilities, roads, etc. – these are known and recognized. However, the role of technology in solving these and other problems is barely acknowledged and the actual availability of technology in ruralareas is marginal. The backbone of the rural economy is agriculture; which also provides sustenance to over half the country’s population. The “Green Revolution” of the 1970s was, in fact, powered by the scientific work in various agricultural research institutions. Which some fault the Green Revolution for excessive exploitation of water and land resources through overuse of fertilizers, it did bring about a wheat surplus and prosperity in certain pockets of the country. In rural India today, there is a dire inadequacy of both science (i.e. knowledg e) and technology (which derives from science and manifests itself in physical form). The scope to apply technology to both farm and non-farm activities in rural areas is huge, as are the potential benefits. In fact, crop yields are far lower than what they are in demonstration farms, where science and technology are more fully applied. Technologies that reduce power consumption of pumps are vital; unfortunately, their use is minimal, since agricultural power is free or largely subsidized. Similarly, there is little incentive to optimize-through technology or otherwise-water use, especially in irrigated areas (a third of total arable lan d), given employment and incomes, but at present deployment of technology is marginal. Cold storage and cold-chains for transportation to market is of great importance for many agricultural products-particularly, fruits and vegetables-but are non-existent. These are clearly technologies with an immediate return on investment, and benefits for all; the farmer, the end-consumer, thetechnology provider. However, regulatory and structural barriers are holding back investments. Power is a key requirement in rural areas, for agricultural as well as domestic uses. Technology can provide reliable power at comparatively low cost in a decentralized manner. However, this needs to be upgraded and scaled in a big way, with emphasis on renewable and nonpolluting technologies. Reliable and low cost means of transporting goods and people is an essential need for rural areas. The bullock-cart and the tractor-trailer are present vehicles of choice. Surely, technology can provide a better, cheaper and more efficient solution? Information related to commodity prices, agricultural practices, weather, etc., are crucial for the farmer. Technology can provide these through technology mobile phones, which is a proven technology; however, the challenge to ensure connectivity remains. Thus, there is a pressing need for technology as currently economic growth-though skewed and iniquitous-has created an economically attractive market in rural India.Q.What has hampered investment in post-harvest technologies?

Read the information given below carefully and answer the following question.Rural India face serious shortages – power, water, health facilities, roads, etc. – these are known and recognized. However, the role of technology in solving these and other problems is barely acknowledged and the actual availability of technology in ruralareas is marginal. The backbone of the rural economy is agriculture; which also provides sustenance to over half the country’s population. The “Green Revolution” of the 1970s was, in fact, powered by the scientific work in various agricultural research institutions. Which some fault the Green Revolution for excessive exploitation of water and land resources through overuse of fertilizers, it did bring about a wheat surplus and prosperity in certain pockets of the country. In rural India today, there is a dire inadequacy of both science (i.e. knowledg e) and technology (which derives from science and manifests itself in physical form). The scope to apply technology to both farm and non-farm activities in rural areas is huge, as are the potential benefits. In fact, crop yields are far lower than what they are in demonstration farms, where science and technology are more fully applied. Technologies that reduce power consumption of pumps are vital; unfortunately, their use is minimal, since agricultural power is free or largely subsidized. Similarly, there is little incentive to optimize-through technology or otherwise-water use, especially in irrigated areas (a third of total arable lan d), given employment and incomes, but at present deployment of technology is marginal. Cold storage and cold-chains for transportation to market is of great importance for many agricultural products-particularly, fruits and vegetables-but are non-existent. These are clearly technologies with an immediate return on investment, and benefits for all; the farmer, the end-consumer, thetechnology provider. However, regulatory and structural barriers are holding back investments. Power is a key requirement in rural areas, for agricultural as well as domestic uses. Technology can provide reliable power at comparatively low cost in a decentralized manner. However, this needs to be upgraded and scaled in a big way, with emphasis on renewable and nonpolluting technologies. Reliable and low cost means of transporting goods and people is an essential need for rural areas. The bullock-cart and the tractor-trailer are present vehicles of choice. Surely, technology can provide a better, cheaper and more efficient solution? Information related to commodity prices, agricultural practices, weather, etc., are crucial for the farmer. Technology can provide these through technology mobile phones, which is a proven technology; however, the challenge to ensure connectivity remains. Thus, there is a pressing need for technology as currently economic growth-though skewed and iniquitous-has created an economically attractive market in rural India.Q.Which of the following is currently not a threat to the rural economy?A. Inadequate rural infrastructure such asroads.B. Excessive utilization of technology.C. Fluctuating power supply.

Read the information given below carefully and answer the following question.Rural India face serious shortages – power, water, health facilities, roads, etc. – these are known and recognized. However, the role of technology in solving these and other problems is barely acknowledged and the actual availability of technology in ruralareas is marginal. The backbone of the rural economy is agriculture; which also provides sustenance to over half the country’s population. The “Green Revolution” of the 1970s was, in fact, powered by the scientific work in various agricultural research institutions. Which some fault the Green Revolution for excessive exploitation of water and land resources through overuse of fertilizers, it did bring about a wheat surplus and prosperity in certain pockets of the country. In rural India today, there is a dire inadequacy of both science (i.e. knowledg e) and technology (which derives from science and manifests itself in physical form). The scope to apply technology to both farm and non-farm activities in rural areas is huge, as are the potential benefits. In fact, crop yields are far lower than what they are in demonstration farms, where science and technology are more fully applied. Technologies that reduce power consumption of pumps are vital; unfortunately, their use is minimal, since agricultural power is free or largely subsidized. Similarly, there is little incentive to optimize-through technology or otherwise-water use, especially in irrigated areas (a third of total arable lan d), given employment and incomes, but at present deployment of technology is marginal. Cold storage and cold-chains for transportation to market is of great importance for many agricultural products-particularly, fruits and vegetables-but are non-existent. These are clearly technologies with an immediate return on investment, and benefits for all; the farmer, the end-consumer, thetechnology provider. However, regulatory and structural barriers are holding back investments. Power is a key requirement in rural areas, for agricultural as well as domestic uses. Technology can provide reliable power at comparatively low cost in a decentralized manner. However, this needs to be upgraded and scaled in a big way, with emphasis on renewable and nonpolluting technologies. Reliable and low cost means of transporting goods and people is an essential need for rural areas. The bullock-cart and the tractor-trailer are present vehicles of choice. Surely, technology can provide a better, cheaper and more efficient solution? Information related to commodity prices, agricultural practices, weather, etc., are crucial for the farmer. Technology can provide these through technology mobile phones, which is a proven technology; however, the challenge to ensure connectivity remains. Thus, there is a pressing need for technology as currently economic growth-though skewed and iniquitous-has created an economically attractive market in rural India.Q.What is the role of mobile technology in the rural economy?A. It will not play a large role since the technology is largely untested.B. It provides opportunities for farmers to manipulate commodity prices.C. It will largely be beneficial since such technology is cheap

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One of the gradual changes that affected the social and economic ties between the lords and the vassals wasa)agricultural technology.b)environment.c)land use.d)new towns.Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
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