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In which of the following reactions, aldehydes and ketones are distinguished?
- a)Reaction with phenylhydrazine
- b)Reaction with hydroxylamine
- c)Reaction with semicarbazide
- d)Reaction with silver nitrate mixed with ammonia
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
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In which of the following reactions, aldehydes and ketones are disting...
Reaction of Aldehydes and Ketones with Silver Nitrate Mixed with Ammonia
Aldehydes and ketones can be distinguished by their reaction with silver nitrate mixed with ammonia. This reaction is also known as the Tollens’ test or silver mirror test. The reaction involves the following steps:
Step 1: Preparation of Tollens’ reagent
Tollens’ reagent is prepared by adding a small amount of silver nitrate to a solution of sodium hydroxide. Then, ammonia is added drop by drop until the precipitate of silver oxide dissolves completely to form a clear solution.
AgNO3 + NaOH → AgOH(s) + NaNO3
AgOH + 2NH3 → [Ag(NH3)2]+ + OH-
Step 2: Reaction with Aldehydes and Ketones
Aldehydes and ketones are mixed with Tollens’ reagent and heated in a water bath. The aldehydes and ketones are oxidized to form carboxylic acids, and the silver ions in Tollens’ reagent are reduced to form silver particles.
RCHO + 2Ag(NH3)2OH → RCOOAg + 2NH3 + 3H2O + 2Ag
In the case of aldehydes, a silver mirror is formed on the inside of the test tube, indicating a positive test. Ketones, on the other hand, do not react with Tollens’ reagent and do not produce a silver mirror.
Conclusion
The reaction of aldehydes and ketones with Tollens’ reagent or silver nitrate mixed with ammonia is a useful test for distinguishing between the two functional groups. Aldehydes give a positive test, indicated by the formation of a silver mirror, while ketones do not react and do not produce a silver mirror.
Aldehydes and ketones can be distinguished by their reaction with silver nitrate mixed with ammonia. This reaction is also known as the Tollens’ test or silver mirror test. The reaction involves the following steps:
Step 1: Preparation of Tollens’ reagent
Tollens’ reagent is prepared by adding a small amount of silver nitrate to a solution of sodium hydroxide. Then, ammonia is added drop by drop until the precipitate of silver oxide dissolves completely to form a clear solution.
AgNO3 + NaOH → AgOH(s) + NaNO3
AgOH + 2NH3 → [Ag(NH3)2]+ + OH-
Step 2: Reaction with Aldehydes and Ketones
Aldehydes and ketones are mixed with Tollens’ reagent and heated in a water bath. The aldehydes and ketones are oxidized to form carboxylic acids, and the silver ions in Tollens’ reagent are reduced to form silver particles.
RCHO + 2Ag(NH3)2OH → RCOOAg + 2NH3 + 3H2O + 2Ag
In the case of aldehydes, a silver mirror is formed on the inside of the test tube, indicating a positive test. Ketones, on the other hand, do not react with Tollens’ reagent and do not produce a silver mirror.
Conclusion
The reaction of aldehydes and ketones with Tollens’ reagent or silver nitrate mixed with ammonia is a useful test for distinguishing between the two functional groups. Aldehydes give a positive test, indicated by the formation of a silver mirror, while ketones do not react and do not produce a silver mirror.
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In which of the following reactions, aldehydes and ketones are disting...
It's D because ammonical silver nitrate is Tollens reagent which reacts only with aldehydes and distinguish aldehydes and ketones
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In which of the following reactions, aldehydes and ketones are distinguished?a)Reaction with phenylhydrazineb)Reaction with hydroxylaminec)Reaction with semicarbazided)Reaction with silver nitrate mixed with ammoniaCorrect answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
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