Explanation:
The correct answer is option B, i.e., Brahmanas. Brahmanas were the priestly caste in the traditional Hindu society and they played a significant role in the social hierarchy. They were responsible for performing religious rituals, providing guidance on spiritual matters, and maintaining social order.

Specialized Artisans:
Specialized artisans, including smiths, carpenters, and masons, were recognized as separate jatis by the Brahmanas. Jati refers to a specific occupational group or caste within the Hindu social structure. Each jati had its own set of customs, traditions, and duties, which were passed down from generation to generation.

Reason for Recognition:
The Brahmanas recognized specialized artisans as separate jatis due to their importance in society. Smiths, carpenters, and masons were skilled in their respective trades and played a crucial role in the construction of buildings, temples, and other structures. They were also responsible for creating essential tools, weapons, and household items. Their knowledge and expertise were highly valued, and their skills were passed down through apprenticeship and family traditions.

Division of Labor:
The recognition of specialized artisans as separate jatis by the Brahmanas reflected the division of labor in traditional Hindu society. Each jati had its own specific occupation and was responsible for carrying out the tasks associated with it. This division of labor ensured that society functioned smoothly and efficiently, with each jati contributing to the overall well-being of the community.

Social Hierarchy:
The recognition of specialized artisans as separate jatis also reinforced the social hierarchy in traditional Hindu society. The Brahmanas, being the highest caste, held the power and authority to recognize and assign jatis. By recognizing specialized artisans as separate jatis, the Brahmanas maintained their dominance and control over society.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, specialized artisans such as smiths, carpenters, and masons were recognized as separate jatis by the Brahmanas. This recognition was based on their skills, expertise, and the division of labor in traditional Hindu society. It also served to reinforce the social hierarchy, with the Brahmanas maintaining their position of power and authority.