Phylloclade->they contain chlorophyll & carry out phoyltosynthesis as their leaves are modified to spines or scale leaves to reduce transpiration.Ex:-Fleshly flattened->OpuntiaFleshy cylindrical->EuphorbiaNeedle like->Casuarina.....Cladophyll->the branches of limited growrh that are modified to perform photosynthesis are called cladophyllEx:-Asparagus....●Phylloclade & Cladophyll comes under stem modification...●Phyllode ;a type of leaf modification....Phyllode->the petioles in plants expand;become green to synthesise food .they r known as phyllode.Ex:-Australian acacia....Cladode ->a type of stem modification.Ex:-Ruscus....

Phyllode:
A phyllode is a modified leaf that takes the form of a flattened stem or petiole. It is typically found in plants with reduced leaf blades, such as acacias and some species of eucalyptus. Phyllodes serve the same functions as leaves, such as photosynthesis, but have a more efficient shape for water conservation and light interception.

Phylloclade:
A phylloclade is a modified stem that resembles a leaf. It is also known as a flattened stem or cladode. Unlike a phyllode, a phylloclade has nodes and internodes, and may bear flowers or fruit. Examples of plants with phylloclades include cacti and succulents.

Cladode:
A cladode is a flattened stem that resembles a branch or a leaf. It is found in some plants that have evolved to reduce their leaf surface area in order to conserve water. Cladodes serve the same functions as leaves, such as photosynthesis, but have a more efficient shape for water conservation and light interception. Examples of plants with cladodes include asparagus and some species of cactus.

Cladophyll:
A cladophyll is a modified stem that resembles a leaf. It is also known as a flattened stem or phylloclade. Unlike a true leaf, a cladophyll has nodes and internodes, and may bear flowers or fruit. Cladophylls are found in some plants that have evolved to reduce their leaf surface area in order to conserve water. Examples of plants with cladophylls include some species of cacti and succulents.