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Consider the following statements regarding fluvial landforms:
1. Waterfalls are found only in the mountain course of a river.
2. River piracy occurs due to different rate of headward erosion into a river divide.
3. Cataracts are large and deep holes at the base of a waterfall.
Which of the above statements is/are incorrect?
1. Waterfalls are found only in the mountain course of a river.
2. River piracy occurs due to different rate of headward erosion into a river divide.
3. Cataracts are large and deep holes at the base of a waterfall.
Which of the above statements is/are incorrect?
- a)1 and 2 only
- b)1 and 3 only
- c)2 only
- d)3 only
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
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Verified Answer
Consider the following statements regarding fluvial landforms:1....
• Statement 1 is incorrect: Waterfalls are liable to occur at any part of the river course.
• Statement 3 is incorrect: Plunge pools are large and deep holes at the base of waterfall.
Landforms in Upper Course
River Capture
• This is also known as river piracy or river beheading. Its development is dependent on the different rate of back-cutting (headward erosion) into a divide.
• For instance, if one side of the divide is of greater gradient or receives more precipitation than the other, stream A will cut back more rapidly than stream B. Its greater erosive power will succeed in enlarging its basin at the expense of the weaker stream. Stream A may eventually break through the divide and capture or pirate stream B.
• The bend at which the piracy occurs is termed as the elbow of capture. The beheaded stream (Z) is called the misfit. The valley below the elbow is the wind gap and can be valuable as a road and rail route.
Rapids, Cataracts and Waterfalls
• These are liable to occur at any part of the river course, but they are most numerous in the mountain course where changes of gradient are more abrupt and also more frequent.
• Due to the unequal resistance of hard and soft rocks traversed by a river, the outcrop of a band of hard rock may cause a river to ‘jump’ or ‘fall’ downs tream. Thus rapids are formed.
• Similar falls of greater dimensions are also referred to as cataracts.
• When rivers plunge down in a sudden fall of some height, they are called waterfalls. Their great force usually wears out a plunge pool beneath.
• Large and deep holes at the base of waterfalls are called plunge pools.
Potholes
• Over the rocky beds of hill-streams more or less circular depressions called potholes form because of stream erosion aided by the abrasion of rock fragments.
• Once a small and shallow depression forms, pebbles and boulders get collected in those depressions and get rotated by flowing water and consequently the depressions grow in dimensions.
• Statement 3 is incorrect: Plunge pools are large and deep holes at the base of waterfall.
Landforms in Upper Course
River Capture
• This is also known as river piracy or river beheading. Its development is dependent on the different rate of back-cutting (headward erosion) into a divide.
• For instance, if one side of the divide is of greater gradient or receives more precipitation than the other, stream A will cut back more rapidly than stream B. Its greater erosive power will succeed in enlarging its basin at the expense of the weaker stream. Stream A may eventually break through the divide and capture or pirate stream B.
• The bend at which the piracy occurs is termed as the elbow of capture. The beheaded stream (Z) is called the misfit. The valley below the elbow is the wind gap and can be valuable as a road and rail route.
Rapids, Cataracts and Waterfalls
• These are liable to occur at any part of the river course, but they are most numerous in the mountain course where changes of gradient are more abrupt and also more frequent.
• Due to the unequal resistance of hard and soft rocks traversed by a river, the outcrop of a band of hard rock may cause a river to ‘jump’ or ‘fall’ downs tream. Thus rapids are formed.
• Similar falls of greater dimensions are also referred to as cataracts.
• When rivers plunge down in a sudden fall of some height, they are called waterfalls. Their great force usually wears out a plunge pool beneath.
• Large and deep holes at the base of waterfalls are called plunge pools.
Potholes
• Over the rocky beds of hill-streams more or less circular depressions called potholes form because of stream erosion aided by the abrasion of rock fragments.
• Once a small and shallow depression forms, pebbles and boulders get collected in those depressions and get rotated by flowing water and consequently the depressions grow in dimensions.
Most Upvoted Answer
Consider the following statements regarding fluvial landforms:1....
Incorrect statements regarding fluvial landforms:
1. Waterfalls are found only in the mountain course of a river:
- Waterfalls are not limited to just the mountain course of a river. They can also be found in other locations where there is a sudden drop in elevation, such as in hilly regions or where there are resistant rock layers causing a sudden change in gradient.
2. River piracy occurs due to different rates of headward erosion into a river divide:
- River piracy actually occurs when one river captures the flow of another river, usually due to differential erosion that causes one river to be diverted into the channel of another river. This can lead to changes in drainage patterns and river courses.
3. Cataracts are large and deep holes at the base of a waterfall:
- Cataracts are not large and deep holes at the base of a waterfall. They are actually steep rapids or cascades in a river, typically caused by a sudden increase in gradient or the presence of resistant rock layers. They are different from plunge pools, which are the large and deep holes at the base of a waterfall.
Therefore, the incorrect statement is option B: 1 and 3 only.
1. Waterfalls are found only in the mountain course of a river:
- Waterfalls are not limited to just the mountain course of a river. They can also be found in other locations where there is a sudden drop in elevation, such as in hilly regions or where there are resistant rock layers causing a sudden change in gradient.
2. River piracy occurs due to different rates of headward erosion into a river divide:
- River piracy actually occurs when one river captures the flow of another river, usually due to differential erosion that causes one river to be diverted into the channel of another river. This can lead to changes in drainage patterns and river courses.
3. Cataracts are large and deep holes at the base of a waterfall:
- Cataracts are not large and deep holes at the base of a waterfall. They are actually steep rapids or cascades in a river, typically caused by a sudden increase in gradient or the presence of resistant rock layers. They are different from plunge pools, which are the large and deep holes at the base of a waterfall.
Therefore, the incorrect statement is option B: 1 and 3 only.
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Consider the following statements regarding fluvial landforms:1. Waterfalls are found only in the mountain course of a river.2. River piracy occurs due to different rate of headward erosion into a river divide.3. Cataracts are large and deep holes at the base of a waterfall.Which of the above statements is/are incorrect?a)1 and 2 onlyb)1 and 3 onlyc)2 onlyd)3 onlyCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
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Consider the following statements regarding fluvial landforms:1. Waterfalls are found only in the mountain course of a river.2. River piracy occurs due to different rate of headward erosion into a river divide.3. Cataracts are large and deep holes at the base of a waterfall.Which of the above statements is/are incorrect?a)1 and 2 onlyb)1 and 3 onlyc)2 onlyd)3 onlyCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? for UPSC 2024 is part of UPSC preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the UPSC exam syllabus. Information about Consider the following statements regarding fluvial landforms:1. Waterfalls are found only in the mountain course of a river.2. River piracy occurs due to different rate of headward erosion into a river divide.3. Cataracts are large and deep holes at the base of a waterfall.Which of the above statements is/are incorrect?a)1 and 2 onlyb)1 and 3 onlyc)2 onlyd)3 onlyCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for UPSC 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for Consider the following statements regarding fluvial landforms:1. Waterfalls are found only in the mountain course of a river.2. River piracy occurs due to different rate of headward erosion into a river divide.3. Cataracts are large and deep holes at the base of a waterfall.Which of the above statements is/are incorrect?a)1 and 2 onlyb)1 and 3 onlyc)2 onlyd)3 onlyCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?.
Consider the following statements regarding fluvial landforms:1. Waterfalls are found only in the mountain course of a river.2. River piracy occurs due to different rate of headward erosion into a river divide.3. Cataracts are large and deep holes at the base of a waterfall.Which of the above statements is/are incorrect?a)1 and 2 onlyb)1 and 3 onlyc)2 onlyd)3 onlyCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? for UPSC 2024 is part of UPSC preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the UPSC exam syllabus. Information about Consider the following statements regarding fluvial landforms:1. Waterfalls are found only in the mountain course of a river.2. River piracy occurs due to different rate of headward erosion into a river divide.3. Cataracts are large and deep holes at the base of a waterfall.Which of the above statements is/are incorrect?a)1 and 2 onlyb)1 and 3 onlyc)2 onlyd)3 onlyCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for UPSC 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for Consider the following statements regarding fluvial landforms:1. Waterfalls are found only in the mountain course of a river.2. River piracy occurs due to different rate of headward erosion into a river divide.3. Cataracts are large and deep holes at the base of a waterfall.Which of the above statements is/are incorrect?a)1 and 2 onlyb)1 and 3 onlyc)2 onlyd)3 onlyCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?.
Solutions for Consider the following statements regarding fluvial landforms:1. Waterfalls are found only in the mountain course of a river.2. River piracy occurs due to different rate of headward erosion into a river divide.3. Cataracts are large and deep holes at the base of a waterfall.Which of the above statements is/are incorrect?a)1 and 2 onlyb)1 and 3 onlyc)2 onlyd)3 onlyCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? in English & in Hindi are available as part of our courses for UPSC.
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