Chloride shift (also known as the Hamburger phenomenon or lineas phenomenon, named after Hartog Jakob Hamburger) is a process which occurs in a cardiovascular system and refers to the exchange of bicarbonate (HCO3−) and chloride (Cl−) across the membrane of red blood cells (RBCs).





The Bohr effect is a physiological phenomenon first described in 1904 by the Danish physiologist Christian Bohr, states that hemoglobin's oxygen binding affinity is inversely related both to acidity and to the concentration of carbon dioxide. Bohr effect works when blood nears the lungs and the carbon dioxide concentration decreases, causing an increase in pH. This increase in pH increases hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen through the Bohr effect, causing hemoglobin to pick up oxygen entering the blood from the lungs so it can transport it to your tissues.